hr sfl 10 dsMbr df idn mnuwKI hwkF dI rfKI leI idRVHqf jgfAux dI koisLsL vjoN kOmFqrI mnuwKI aiDkfr idhfVy vjoN mnfieaf jFdf hY. sfry sMsfr ‘c ies idn mnuwKI aiDkfrF nfl sbMDq smfgm rcfey jFdy hn. XU[aYn[E[ ienHF smfgmF ƒ vD cVH ky afXoijq krn dI hwlf-sLyrI idMdf hY. drasl dUjI sMsfr jMg ‘c hoey mnuwKI aiDkfrF dy nfl-nfl mnuwKqf dy Gfx ny sMsfr pwDrI icMqkF, ivdvfnF aqy afgUaF ƒ JMjoiVaf, qF AunHF mnuwKI aiDkfrF dI rfKI leI 10 dsMbr 1948 ƒ "kOmFqrI mnuwKI aiDkfr aYlfnnfmf" jfrI kIqf.

mnuwKI aiDkfrF leI bxy ies kOmFqrI aYlfnnfmy ‘c ijLMdgI dy vwK-vwK pihlUaF ƒ CUMhdIaF 30 DfrfvF hn, jo ik mnuwKI aiDkfrF dI kfƒnI qy lok ivafiKaf krdIaF hn. ies aYlfnnfmy AuWqy sMsfr dy 150 qoN vwD ajLfd dysLF dy dsqKq hn, ijnHF ivc Bfrq vI sLfml hY. aYlfnnfmy AuWqy dsqKq krn vfly dysL mnuwKI aiDkfrF dI rfKI krn df pRx vI XU[aYn[E[ kol drj krf cuwky hn. pr aPsos ieh hY ik mnuwKI aiDkfrF dy drVn dIaF vDyry GtnfvF ienHF dysLF ivc hI vfprdIaF hn. mnuwKqf ƒ sLrmsfr krdy ihtlr qy musoilnI dy vihsLI jurmF dy ipwT-BUmI ‘c GVy gey mnuwKI aiDkfrF dy aYlfnnfmy ƒ awj jLflmfnF vMgfr drpysL hY. Bfrq vrgy jmhUrIaq dI duhfeI dyx vfly dysL hI 10 dsMbr 1948 qoN lY ky awj qk 80 PIsdI lokF dy mnuwKI aiDkfrF dI prvfh nf kIqy jfx df mMdBfgf islislf cwl irhf hY.

mnuwK dIaF muwZlIaF rotI, kwpVy, mkfn dIaF loVF huMdIaF hn, ijnHF qoN Bfrq dy kroVF lok ajy vI mihrUm hn. 40 kroV qoN AuWpr lok hfkm lfxy vloN iKwcI geI grIbI ryKf qoN hyTF df jIvn bsr kr rhy hn. kroVF bwcy (skUl jfx dI Aumr dy) pyt dI Kfqr sVkF AuWqy ilPfPy cug ky rotI hfsl krn dy qrly lY rhy hn, jdik aYlfnnfmy dI Bfvnf muqfbk hr bwcy leI 14 sfl dI Aumr qk pVHfeI lfjLmI hY. 17 kroV qoN AuWpr (gLYr-srkfrI aMkiVaF muqfbk 30 kroV) nOjvfn byrujLgfrI dy isLkfr hn. lwKF kuVIaF smfj dy hvsLI kuwiqaF dI ijnsI BuwK pUrI krn leI ijsm-ProsLI df DMdf krn leI mjbUr hn. kroVF lok rylvy plytPfrmF, bws-awizaF, pfrkF, gurduafiraF, mMdrF, PutpfQF afid AuWqy rfqF gujLfr ky zMg tpfeI kr rhy hn. gwl kI, Bfrq dI vsoN df awiDEN vwD ihwsf rotI, kpwVy, mkfn dIaF muwZlIaF loVF ƒ pUiraF krn leI hI qrly lY irhf hY.

mnuwKI aiDkfrF dI rfKI dI bxdI ijLMmyvfrI qoN mujrmfnf Gysl vwtI BfrqI hukmrfn 10 dsMbr 1948 qoN lY ky awj qk kurisaF leI nfarybfjL isafsq krdy af rhy hn. lokF dIaF muwZlIaF loVF pUrIaF krn dI ijLMmyvfrI qoN hmysLf Bwjdy rhy hn. 50ivaF dy dhfky hyT smfjvfd dy burky hyT lokF ƒ mUrK bxfieaf igaf. 60ivaF dy dhfky qoN lY ky 1975 dI aYmrjYNsI qk "grIbI htfE" dy nfary BfrU rhy. pr grIbF dI igxqI df gRfP AuWcf hI huMdf igaf jo awj qk jfrI hY. ies qoN bfad ieMdrfsLfhI ny dysL dI eykqf aqy aKMzqf ƒ Kqrf drsfAux leI iswKF dy byikrk kqlyafm kIqf. ies df KfimafjLf Ausƒ afpxI jfn guaf ky vI Bugqxf ipaf. afsfm, nfgflYNz, iqRpurf, ksLmIr qy nkslI lokF ƒ vI ieMdrfsLfhI ny hI bgLfvq dy rfh pfieaf hY. hux ikAuNik ltkvIaF srkfrF df mOsm hY ies leI koeI iek nfarf hukmrfnF ƒ mfiPk nhIN af irhf. pr gfhy-bgfhy ihMdUqvI DUqkVf afpxf rMg jLrUr idKf irhf hY.

aMkVy boldy hn ik 24 lwK dy krIb lok sOVI isafsq, iPrkU qMg njLrI qy dMgy PsfdF dI BwTI ivc afpy df bflx zfh ky kurbfn ho cuwky hn. bhuq sfry mfmilaF dI pVqfl aDUrI rhI aqy keI rPf-dPf vI kr idwqy gey. aOrqF AuWqy ho rhy jLulmF df ihsfb-ikqfb vwKrf hY. aOrqF dy ijsm AuWqy afisLk hoey iBRsLt isafsqdfnF, kfƒndfnF qy ivdvfnF ny afpxf Trk pUrf krn leI "sYks-vrkr" df lkb kwZ mfiraf. hux ieh aKOqI "sYks-vrkrF" pfrlImYNt ivc ihwsf pwqI mMgx lwg peIaF hn. keI QfeIN qF isafsqdfn qy AunHF dy irsLqydfr hkUmqI nsLy dy ivc blfqkfr df aKOqI ‘aiDkfr’ vrqx qoN vI guryjL nhIN krdy. lfhnq hY aYsI jmhUrIaq AuWqy!

Bfrq ƒ ajLfdI idvfAux vfly iswKF nfl qF BfrqI hukmrfnF ny jwgo qyrHvF slUk kIqf hY. Bfrq dI ajLfdI leI 80 PIsdI kurbfnIaF krn vfilaF ƒ vwzI igxqI ivc luwitaf, kuwitaf qy kql kIqf hY. 1947 qoN lY ky awj qk lwKF iswK BfrqI hukmrfnF dIaF golIaF df isLkfr hoey hn. srbwq df Blf mMgx vfly iswKF ƒ awqvfdI, vwKvfdI grdfn ky smfjI hfsLIey qoN ipwCy Dwikaf igaf. kMGf-ikRpfn pfiksqfn Byj dyx dy nfary suxfey gey. BfrqI sMivDfn iswKF ƒ "kysfDfrI ihMdU" grdfndf hY. aKOqI "siBafcfrk rfsLtrvfd" dy nF hyT ihMdU isvl koz lfgU kIqf jf irhf hY. ijs nfl iswKF dy mnuwKI aiDkfrF dI AulMGxf ho rhI hY. rfsLtrI iswK sMgq, bjrMg dl, nrkDfrI, rfDf-suafmI, nUrmihlIey, BinafrIey, swcy-sOdy vfilaF dy KrUd ƒ iswKF dy mnuwKI aiDkfrF dy Cfpf mfrn leI vriqaf jf irhf hY.

mnuwKI aiDkfrF dI AulMGxf ijwQy amlI rUp ivc lfgU hY AuQy iesƒ kfƒnI mfnqf vI hfsl hY. BfrqI sMivDfn dIaF 352 qoN 360 qk DfrfvF iksy vI cuwxI hoeI jmhUrI srkfr df Bog pfAux leI kfPI hn. Dfrf 22 njLrbMdI kfƒn GVn dI KuwlH idMdI hY. 1987 ‘c GiVaf igaf ‘tfzf’ vI ‘kflf kfƒn’ bx ky AuBiraf sI. hux ies qoN vI ihMdU hukmrfnF dI qswlI nf hox krky ‘potf’ vrgf ‘aiq-kflf kfƒn’ lfgU kIqf igaf. BfrqI sMivDfn ƒ nvyN isirEN pirBfisLq krn dy rfg vI suxfeI dy rhy hn (BfrqI sMivDfn ƒ nvyN isirEN pirBfisLq krnf iswKF dy hwk ivc nhIN hovygf ikAuNik mOjUdf sMivDfn ivc kuJ DfrfvF iswKF aqy hor GwtigxqIaF ƒ kuJ rfhq idMdIaF hn, jdik jykr nvF koeI hor sMivDfn bxfieaf igaf qF iswKF qy hor GwtigxqIaF df iblkul hI mlIaf myt kr idwqf jfvygf).

mnuwKI aiDkfrF dI rfKI leI bxIaF jQybMdIaF dI Bfrq ivc ikMnI ku puwC-igwC hY? ieh s[ jsvMq isMG KflVf qy mnuwKI aiDkfrF leI kurbfn hoey hor mnuwKI aiDkfr kfrkuMnF dIaF kurbfnIaF qoN pqf lwgdf hY (s[ KflVf smyq keI iswKF ƒ kMm krn bdly BfrqI POj ny koh-koh ky mfr idwqf sI). mnuwKI aiDkfrF dI AulMGxf qoN AuTdy lokF dy roh dIaF lftF ƒ dbfAux leI bysLwk jFc kimsLn ibTf idwqy jFdy hn pr ienHF dIaF irportF srkfrI PfeIlF ivc hI guafc jFdIaF hn. jsits rMgfnfQ kimsLn, jYn kimsLn, imsLrf kimsLn, sRI ikRsLnf kimsLn, pIpljL kimsLn, nfnfvqI kimsLn afid dIaF irportF df hsLr vI sfzy sfhmxy hY. drdvMdF dy drd qoN mUMh Pyr geI bfdl-tOhVf juMzlI dI hTDrmI dy iswty vjoN iswK sLhIdF dI pVqfl leI bxy pIpljL kimsLn ƒ DwkysLfhI nfl bMd krvf idwqf igaf qy ies DwkysLfhI ivruwD qy bolx qy ilKx vfilaF dIaF grdnF qy klmF mroVIaF jFdIaF rhIaF.