• hfrpr muafPI mMgy

• jy sfry kfgjfq nf ivKfey qF ienkuafrI rwd kr idaFgf[[[[jwj jOhn myjr

• hr rojL Bfrq ivwc 100 imlIan bwcy BwuK df isLkfr huMdy hn[[[XU aYn E[ irport

• pMjfbI pRYWs klwb nfl aYn[zI[pI[ suprImo jYk lyitn dI golmyjL imlxI

• trFto zfAUn tfAUn ivwc 29 aprYl nMU

• bfdl dI qulnf bfby nfnk nfl krn vfly kohfV nUM akfl qKq sfihb qy qlb kIqf jfvy : lwKf isMG

• bfdl dI ptIsLn rwd

• smJoqf aYkspRYsw dy dosLIaF df koeI aihm surfg nhIN

• qKqF dy jQydfrF nUM cuwp hI rihx idE : bIbI amrjIq kOr

• kYptn dy rfj ‘c bfdl ny rWj ky jfiedfd bxfeI: mfn

• iml mfhl dI plyTI aYlbm”isLkvf” rIlIjL

• hux iPr joqsILaf dy duafr aWgy AumIdvfr

• zyiraf dIaF mnmqIaF bfry akfl qKLq dI cwup icMqf df ivsLf

• jy bfdl nMU 90 sItF imlxIaf hn qF Auh vltohf ivwc kI krdf iPrdy hY-mfn

• pMjfb coxF ivwc irkfrz qoV poilMg

• sFJ svyrf kYnyzf df srboqm aKbfr

hfrpr muafPI mMgy

aftvf (sFJ svyrf) iswK kOm nMU kYnyzf ivwc 23 jUn sMn 1985 qoN hI awqvfd dy pRCfvF ny Gyiraf hoieaf hY. hux ieh pRCfvF sfzI aglI pIVI nMU vI afpxy klfvy ivwc lY ky Bsm kr dyxf cfhuMdf hY. bIqy buwDvfr 21 PrvrI nMU kYnyzf dy pRDfn mMqrI ny bVI GtIaf nIqI aKiqafr kridaF ilbrl aYm[pI[ sR nvdIp isMG bYNs nMU insLfnf bxfieaf ijs nMU iswK qF kI nvdIp dy sfQI ilbrlF qoN vI sihx nf kr hoieaf. AunHF hfAUs dI kfrvfeI Twp kr idwqI.

          911 dI Gtnf qoN bfad kYnyzf ivwc aYNtI tYryirjLm aYkt hoNd ivwc afieaf sI ijs bfry Aus vyly vI iswK kOm aqy hornF Gwt igxqI lokF ny afvfjL AuTfeI sI, PlsrUp ies kfnMUn ivwc snsYt klfjL pfeI geI sI ik 5 sfl bfad iesdI kuwJ DfrfvF qy muV qoN gOr kIqf jfvygf. inrsMdyh ienF DfrfvF nfl pulIs dy hwQ mjbUq huMdy hn aqy pulIs vloN knyzIan nfgirkF nMU pRysLfn krn dI siQqI bx skdI hY. ilbrl pfrtI ny ienF DfrF df ivroD kIqf, jo agr hfAUs ivwc pfs nf hoeIaF qF 1 mfrc nMU afpxy afp Kqm ho jfxgIaF.

          stIPn hfrpr ijhVf coxF vyly Kud JolI awzI smuwcy iswKF qoN votF mMgdf AunHF iswKF nMU vI imldf irhf hY ijMnF  dI pRDfngI hyT cwlIaF sMsQfvF hux kYnyzf ivwc awqvfdI krfr dy ky bYn kIqI jf cuwkIaF hn, hux nvdIp bYNs dy shurf pRIvfr df hvflf dy ky gMdI isafsq df muwZ bMn irhf hY, ijs nMU smuwcI ilbrl pfrtI ny sihx nf kridaF hfrpr qoN qurMq muafPI dI mMg kIqI. ilbrl hfAUs lIzr rflP guzyl, sfbkf ilbrl lIzr ibl grYm, mfeIkl iegnfcIaP ny pRDfn mMqrI qoN mMg kIqI hY ik Auh nOjuafn aYm[pI[ nvdIp isMG bYNs iKlfP kIqI GtIaf itwpxI nMU vfips lvy aqy hfAUs qoN muafPI mMgy.

          stIPn hfrpr dI ies GtIaf hrkq pRqI iswK BfeIcfry ivwc vI gihrf ros pfieaf jf irhf hY. iswK BfeIcfrf mihsUs krdf hY ik kMsrvyitv pfrtI iswK sMsQfvF nMU awqvfdI krfr dy ky iswK kOm dIaF srgrmIaF nMU sImq krnf cfhuMdI hY. 80ivaF dy awD ivwc kMsrvyitv afgU aqy Aus vyly mlrUnI srkfr ivwc ivdysL mMqrI joa klfrk ny iswK sMsQfvF nMU awqvfdI kihx dI glqI kIqI sI ijs nMU vrlz iswK afrgynfeIjysLn ny cYilMj kIqf qF Bfrq srkfr dy cmcy joa klfrk nMU vrlz iswK afrgynfeIjysLn iKlfP kIqI ieh itpwxI vfips lyxI peI sI.

          hYrfnI vflI gwl hY ik ajoky smyN ivwc stIPn hfrpr dI kMsrvyitv srkfr muV qoN iswK kOm nMU awqvfdI vrgy nfvF nfl pukfrn ivwc KusL ho rhI hY aqy byvjfh kYnyzf dy jMmplH aqy nOjuafn afgU nvdIp bYNs pRqI bybuinafdI ibafnbfjLI krky afpxI pujIsLn hlkI kr rhI hY.

          ieQy vrnxXog hY ik smilMgI msly qy vI pRDfn mMqrI stIPn hfrpr ny iswK kOm dy Dfrimk jjLbfqF nMU BVkf ky ilbrl iKlfP vrqx dI koisLsL kIqI sI, aqy iswKF dy keI smfgmF ivwc sLmUlIaq krky iswK kOm nMU doPfV krn ivwc BUimkf inBfeI sI, jdoN ik cuwp cfp kMsrvyitv mYNbr vI ieh kih idMdy sI ik asIN qF isafsq kr rhy hF, smilMgI lokF dy hwkF dI gwl qF asIN vI smJdy hF. afiKr goglUaF qoN imwtI JfV ky hfrprIaF ny vI hux smilMgI sLfdIaF nMU sivkfr kr ilaf hY.

jy sfry kfgjfq nf ivKfey qF ienkuafrI rwd kr idaFgf[[[[jwj jOhn myjr

21 sflF bfad vI knyzIan srkfr ZuwcrF zfh rhI hY

ienkuafrI dOrfn iswK awqvfdI jF iswK AuWgrvfdI afid sLbdF dI vrqoN bMd kIqI jfvy[[[[vrlz iswK afrgy[

aOtvf: (sFJ svyrf) agr srkfr ny sfry dsqfvyjL nhIN ivKfAuxy qF mYN ienkuafrI smfpq kr dyvFgf. ieh qwqy bol eyar ieMzIaf ienkuafrI kimsLnr jwj jOhn myjr ny inrfsL ho ky srkfr nMU sKq sLbdF ivwc sMboDn huMidaF khy. jwj myjr ny ieh ienkuafrI 5 mfrc qwk TMzy bsqy ivwc pf idwqI hY. AunHF ikhf ik Auh 5 mfrc nMU vI ienkuafrI muV qoN sLurU nhIN krngy agr sIss aqy afr[sI[aYm[pI[ vloN kuwJ ku Cupfey jf rhy dsqfvyjL sfhmxy nhIN ilaFdy jFdy.

          Auprfm hoey jOhn myjLr ny ikhf ik agr sbMDq dsqfvyjL blYk-afAUt kIqy hI rihxgy qF Auh ies ienkuafrI nMU awgy nhIN qor skxgy aqy ies nMU rwd kr dyxgy.

          jwj jOhn myjr ijs nMU pRDfn mMqrI stIPn hfrpr ny inXukq kIqf sI, vloN ley ies styNz ny pRDfn mMqrI nMU ksUqI siQqI ivwc Psf idwqf hY. bIqy somvfr nMU hfAus ivwc suaflF dI buCfV df juafb idMidaF pRDfn mMqrI ny ikhf ik Aus ny afpxy nYsLnl sikAUrtI azvfeIjLr nMU ikhf hY ik Auh ies JyVy nMU Kqm krn leI Auprfly krn. pRDfn mMqrI ny dwisaf ik mYN afr[sI[aYm[pI[ aqy sIss nMU hdfieq kIqI hY ik Auh dsqfvyjL rIlIjL krn mOky “nfn irsitRkItv ieMtrptysLn afP df lfa” lfgU krn.

          do dhfikaF qoN cwl rhI asPl jFc pVqfl dy bfvjUd srkfrI vkIl ny ikhf ik kuwJ dsqfvyjLF nMU lokF dIaF njLrF qoN dUr rwKxf jrUrI hY. somvfr nMU srkfrI vkIl ny ikhf ik kuwJ dsqfvyjL lukoa ky rwKxy jrUrI hn nhIN qF ieh awqvfdI kfrvfeIaF krn vfilaF leI blUipMRt df kMm krngy.

          vrlz iswK afrgynfeIjysLn ny sMn 1985 qoN lY ky hr sfl pRYWs rIlIjL jfrI krky knyzaIn srkfr qoN rfiel kimsLn nfmjd krky ies kFz dI jFc krvfAux dI mMg kIqI hY. hr sfl ies mMg nMU duhrfAuNidaF v[s[a[ ny srkfr nMU ies pwK qoN hr qrF df sihXog dyx dI pysLksL vI kIqI hY. bOb rya vloN kIqI geI jFc dOrfn vI vrlz iswK afrgynfeIjysLn ny afpxf pwK rwiKaf sI aqy hux jOhn myjLr dy kimsLn awgy vI vrlz iswK afrgynfeIjysLn ny ieMtrvInr stYts hfisl krky afpxf ibafn drj krvfieaf hY.

          afpxI stytmYNt ivwc vrlz iswK afrgynfeIjysLn ny ieqrfjL kIqf ik ienkuafrI dOrfn “iswK awqvfdI” jF “iswK dishLqvfdI” afid lPjL vrqx nfl smuwcI iswK kimAUntI dI sLKsLIaq Aupr glq pRBfv pYNdf hY. vrlz iswK afrgynfeIjysLn vloN sMsQf dy vkIl aYlks sBrvfl ny ikhf ik iswK kimAUntI ivwc kfnUMn df siqkfr aqy sLFqmeI jIvn bqIq krn vfly lok vwzI mfqr ivwc mOjUd hn ies krky aijhIaF DfrvF nfl iswK kimAUntI nMU joVnf Auicwq nhIN hY.

          vrlz iswK afrgynfeIjysLn ny afpxI sbimsLn ivwc ikhf ik 21 sflF bfad vI iswK kimAUntI Aus kFz df duKFq hMZf rhI hY aqy sogvfn hY. ies leI ieh jrUrI hY ik kYnyzf srkfr dy kbjLy ivwc ies kFz sbMDI jo vI jfxkfrI mOjUd hY AusdI jFc pVqfl kIqI jfvy, qF ik kOmI qOr qy jfixaf jf sky ik aijhy kFz nMU vfprn qoN rokx ivwc asIN ikQy Pyl hoey hF aqy agFh nMU kI krnf cfhIdf hY.

          vrlz iswK afrgynfeIjysLn anusfr knyzIan aiDkfrIaF vloN aksr aijhI jFc sbUqF dy afDfr nhIN sgoN afdqF, isDFqk DfrfvF, Dfrimk ivsvfsL aqy sfQI knyzIanF dy sihXog nMU afDfr mMn ky kIqI jFdI rhI hY.

          vrlz iswK afrgynfeIjysLn dy sfbkf pRDfn sR[ ajIq isMG shoqf ny ikhf ik asIN sbUqF nfl CyV CfV, BfVy dy gvfh pysL krny, gvfhF dI guMmsLudgI aqy prdy dy ipwCy nIqIvfn aqy rfjnIqk msLInrI dy kfrnfimaF leI srkfrI aiDkfrIaF nMU iKmfjfcnf dyxf kbUl nhIN kr skdy ikAuNik ienF sbUqF qoN asIN kuwJ iswK skdy hF aqy ienF dy afDfr qy asIN kYnyzf ivwc amn aqy surwiKaf slfmq rwK skdy hF.

          vrlz iswK afrgynfeIjysLn dy kfrkuMnF ny hYrfnI pRgt kIqI ik knyzian srkfr afpxI hI iensfP pRxflI qy XkIn nhIN kr rhI aqy eyar ieMzIaf kFz sbMDI sfry dsqfvyjL ienkuafrI kimsLn nMU sONpx qy Zuwcrf zfh rhI hY.

          vrlz iswK afrgynfeIjysLn dy pRDfn sR[ gurpRIq isMG bwl ny dwisaf ik sMsQf ny iewk sfl leI lIgl tIm sQfpq kr leI hY ijs ivwc iewk vkIl Puwl tfeIm vrlz iswK afrgynfeIjysLn dy dPqr ivwc kMm krygf aqy iswK kOm dy ihwqF pRqI kMm krygf. ieh lIgl tIm eyar ieMzIaf ienkuafrI dOrfn mOjUd rhygI aqy sfrI ienkuafrI qy njLr rwKygI qF ik ies ienkuafrI dOrfn iswK ihwqF nMU njLraMdfjL nf kIqf jfvy. pRDfn sfihb ny smuwcI iswK kimAUntI nMU apIl kIqI ik Auh rfjnIqI ivwc srgrm rihMidaF aijhIaF stytmYNtF dyx qoN guryjL krn ijhVIaf smF pf ky quhfnMU inmosLI dy skdIaF hn. AunHF ikhf ik kuwJ iswK ivroDI sLkqIaF kYnyzf ivwc iswK kOm dIaF pRfpqIaF ivwc aiVwky zfhux ivwc XqnsLIl hn. sR[ bwl ny XkIn duafieaf ik vrlz iswK afrgynfeIjysLn iswK kOm dy ihwqF dI rKvflI krn leI 28 julfeI sMn 1984 nMU iswK sMgq ny sQfpq kIqI sI qy quhfzI sMsQf awj vI inrMqr srgrm hY aqy iswK kOm dy ihwqF dI rKvflI leI ZuwkvF rol adf kr rhI hY.

hr rojL Bfrq ivwc 100 imlIan bwcy BwuK df isLkfr huMdy hn[[[XU aYn E[ irport

trFto (suKdyv isMG) sMXukq rfsLtr dI rfsLn eyjLMsI dy muKI vlo jfrI kIqI geI iewk irport anusfr sMsfr ivwc hr rojL 18,000 bwcy BuwK nfl mr rhy hn jdoN ik 850 imlIan lok hr rfq BuwKy pyt hI sONdy hn.

          rom ivKy vrlz PUz pRogrfm sMsQf dy aYgjLYkitv zfeIrYktr im[ jymj mors ny ikhf ik dunIaF dI vwD rhI vsoN sdkf BwuKy lokF dI dr ivwc kmI afeI hY. pihlF sMsfr dI kuwl afbfdI df pMjvF ihwsf BwuKf sI, qy hux Gwt ky CyvF ihwsf ho igaf hY. pr sfl BuwKy lokf dI igxqI ivwc 5 imlIan vfDf ho irhf hY.

          jymj mors ny pRYWs nfl afpxy pRBfvsLflI ivcfr sFJy krdy hoey ikhf ik awj sMsfr ivwc 850 imlIan lok BwuKy hn ijnHF ivwcO awDI igxqI bwicaF dI hY, ijnFH ivwco 18,000 bwcy BuwK kfrn jF shI Bojn nF imlx krky hr roj mr rhy hn. ieh iewk sLrmsfr qwQ vI hY qy sMn 2007 ivwc sMsfr df awq GnfAuxf aprfD vI. ieh iewk gMBIr muwdf hY aqy ies NnMU hwl krnf vI bhuq jrUrI hY. sLRI mors ny ikhf swB qoN vwD BuwKy bwicaF dI igxqI Bfrq ivwc hY, ijQy 100 imlIan qoN Aupr bwcy BuK mrI df isLkfr hn jd ky cfeInf dUjy nMbr qy hY ijQy 40 imlIan BuKy bwcy hn. Bfrq cIn qoN ielfvf eysLIaf dy hor dysLF ivwc 100, aPrIkf 100, aqy lfqn amrIkf 30 imlIan bWcy BwuK mrI df isLkfr hn.

           jymj mors jo ik amrIkf dy vpfrI sjn hn. XunfeItz nysLn dy  rom siQq PUz poRgrfm sMsQf dy aYgjYktv zfeIrYktr dy ahudy qoN aprYl ivwc syvf mukq ho rhy hn . Auh ies iBafnk smwisaf dy hwl leI swdf dyxf cfhMudy hn. sfry ivsLv dy ividafrQI, nONjvfn, Dfrimk sMsQfvF vpfrk BfeIcfrf aqy srkfrf nMU sFJy qOr qy iewkTy  iml ky BwuK mrI df Kfqmf krnf cfhIdf hY Kfs krky bwicaF leI .

pMjfbI pRYWs klwb nfl aYn[zI[pI[ suprImo jYk lyitn dI golmyjL imlxI

dl bdlx iKlfP pfrlImYNt ivwc ibwl pysL krFgy[[[jYk lyitn

imsIsfgf: (pMjfbI pRYWs) pMjfbI pRYWs klwb nfl bIqy idnIN aYn[zI[pI[ kYnyzf dy lIzr jYk lyitn ny mfltn dy sLfny drbfr rYstorYNt ivwc iewk golmyjL imlxI kIqI. sRI lyitn ny ies imlxI dOrfn bhuq KuwLl ky gwlF kIqIaF aqy knyzIan srkfr vloN ieMmIgrysLn aqy hor ivBfgF ivwc vrqIaF jf rhIaF qMg nIqIaF dI inKyDI kIqI hY.

           aYn[zI[pI[ dy ieqhfs bfry jYk lyitn ny ikhf ik sfzI pfrtI sMn 1930 ivwc idlgIrI jF mMdvfVy qoN AuqpMn hoeI sI. jdoN kuwJ lokF ny iekwTy ho ky mihsUs kIqf ik smfijk smwisafvF nMU AuBfrn vflI pfrtI dI vI ieQy sKq jrUrq hY. AunHF dwisaf ik pihlI srkfr sYskYcvn ivwc tOmI zgls ny sQfpq kIqI aqy hmysLF bYlMs bjt pysL kIqf. AunHF ikhf ik aYn[zI[pI[ srkfrI qOr qy “mflI sMquilqqf” ivwc XkIn rwKdI hY.

          Pfrn pRoPYsLnl vrkrF dy hunr nMU mfnqf dyx dI smwisaf bfry jYk lyitn ny ikhf jdoN hfAUS ivwc srkfr qoN ieh suafl puwiCaf igaf qF srkfr dy pwK qoN vfijd Kfn ny ikhf ik srkfr ny ies bfry iewk eyjMsI sQfpq kIqI hY aqy srkfr ny kfPI pYsf Kricaf hY jdoN ik ieh korf JUT hY. lyitn ny ikhf ik vfijd Kfn ny srkfr df pwK dwsidaF korf JUT boilaf hY. nf qF hux qwk srkfr ny koeI eyjMsI hI sQfpq kIqI hY aqy nf hI kfxI kOzI srkfr ny ajy Krc kIqI hY. jYk lyitn ny “kfnPrMs borz afP kYnyzf” nfmI QYNk tYNk dI irport df vyrvf idMidaF ikhf ik hunr vfly lokF nMU sivkfr nf krn sdkf srkfr nMU 5 iblIan zflr sfl df nuksfn huMdf hY. AunHF ikhf ik sfnMU srivs kYnyzf aqy vIjLf afiPs nMU ilMk krn dI loV hY.

          sRI lyitn ny ikhf ik kYnyzIan ieMmIgRysLn ivBfg vloN ivjLtr vIijLaF nMU ienkfr kIqf jf irhf hY jo bVf mMdBfgf hY. AunHF dwisaf ik keI kysF ivwc mfpy ibmfr hox qF Ausdy bwicaF nMU ivjLtr vIjLf ienkfr kr idwqf jFdf hY qy jdoN mfipaF df dyhFq ho jFdf hY qF vI vIjLf ienkfr kIqf jFdf hY.

          aYn[zI[pI[ suprImo ny ieMmIgRysLn ivBfg dI inKyDI kridaf ikhf ik asIN ieMzIaf nfl ibjns krn nMU ikMnf qrlomwCI ho rhy hF pr ieMzIaf qoN ibjns vIjLf lYxf byhwd musLkl hY.  lyitn ny ikhf ik AuWqrI amrIkf ivwc pRIvfr df mqlb pqI pqnI hY bwcy hY pr sfAUQ eysIaf ivwc sfzy ivsqfirq pRIvfr hn. aYn[zI[pI[ dI mYNbr pYgI nYsL vloN hfAUs ivwc pRfeIvyt ibwl “vns ien lfeIP tfeIm” pysL kIqf igaf hY ik hr nfgirk nMU ijLMdgI ivwc iewk vfr afpxy pRIvfirk mYNbr nMU bulfAux dI iejfjLq hoxf cfhIdf hY. ijs ivwc cfcI cfc, qfeI qfieaf, mfsI BUaf jF Ausdf pRIvfr bI sLfml hoxf cfhIdf hY.

          dl bdlx nMU zYmokRysI ivwc bVf burf mMnidaF jyk lyitn ny ikhf ik dl bdlx qoN bfad mYNbr nMU afpxI sIt qoN asqIPf dyxf cfhIdf hY. vfijd Kfn df ijLkr kridaF lyitn ny ikhf ik aijhy mYNbrF nMU koeI hwk nhIN hoxf cfhIdf ik Auh ilbrl pfrtI vloN cux ky jfx aqy iPr kMsrvyitv pfrtI vwl Aulr jfx. lyitn ny ikhf ik asIN ies bfry pRfeIvyt ibwl pysL jrUr krFgy.

          jYk lyitn ny kYnyzf sYnyt nMU rwd krn dI vkflq kIqI ikAuNik Auh lok cuxy nhIN huMdy ies krky ieh zYmokRYitk pRfsYWs df mjLfk hY.

          kYnyzf ivwc coxF dI BivwKbfxI kridaf jYk lyitn ny ikhf ik sfzI pfrtI iblkul iqafr hY. asIN mflI qOr qy sMquilqf ivwc XkIn rwKdy hF aqy Gfty ivwc nhIN jFdy.

          bYNkF vloN ey[tI[aYm[ msLInF rfhIN kIqI jf rhI luwt Gsuwt bfry jYk lyitn ny ikhf ik afpxf pYsf bYNk akfAUNt coN ivdzrfa krn leI PIs nhIN hoxI cfhIdI.

          jYk lyitn ny pMjfbI pRYWs dy smUh mYNbrF nfl bVy vDIaf mhOl ivwc gwl bfqF kIqIaF aqy sLfny drbfr dy kfxy df afnMd mfixaf. AunHF aYQink BfeIcfry nMU sMboiDq huMidaF ikhf ik ilbrl pfrtI pIar aYlIaq trUzy vyly aYQink BfeIcfry pwKI nIqIaF rwiKaf krdI sI ikAuNik Aus vyly trUzO dI Gwt igxqI srkfr aYn[zIpI[ nfl rl ky bxI sI. ies krky AUnHF ikhf ik aYQink BfeIcfry nMU afm muhfry ilbrl dI JolI ivwc nhIN pYxf cfhIdf.

          aKIr ivwc sRI jYk lyitn ny vfadf kIqf ik Auh pMjfbI pRYWs klwb nfl ivcfrF dI lVI cwldI rwKxgy.

trFto zfAUn tfAUn ivwc 29 aprYl nMU

AuntfrIE iswK aYNz gurduafrf kONsl vloN hr sfl dI qrF ies sfl df slfnf ngr kIrqn trFto zfAUn tfAUn ivwc 29 aprYl idn aYqvfr nMU bVI DUm Dfm nfl kIqf jf irhf hY. ngr kIrqn dI iqafrI krn ihwq AuntfrIE iswK aYNz gurduafrf kONsl dI pihlI mIitMg bIqy vIkaYNz AuntfrIE Kflsf drbfr izksI roz gurduafrf sfihb ivKy hoeI ijQy 100 dy krIb mYNbrF ny ihwsf ilaf. ies mIitMg ivwc 20 dy krIb gurduafrf sfihbfnF dy mYNbr aqy bfkI sMgq coN phuMcy mYNbr sn, ijMnF ny ies ngr kIrqn nMU sPl bxfAux leI hr pwK qoN ivcfrF kIqIaF.

          mIitMg ivwc dwisaf igaf ik istI aqy trFto pulIs nfl mIitMg ho cuwkI hY aqy sfrf pRbMD mukMml ho cuwkf hY. ngr kIrqn df smfgm hr sfl dI qrF hI hovygf. svyry 9 vjy qoN 1 vjy qwk bYtr ilivMg sYNtr ivKy kIrqn drbfr sjfey jfxgy. AuprMq ngr kIrqn 1 vjy bYtr ilivMg sYNtr qoN rvfnf ho ky 3 vjy istI hfl ivwKy puwjygf ijQy 5 vjy qwk pMzfl sjfey jfxgy.

          sR[ hrbMs isMG jMzflI ny dwisaf ik ies sfl ividaf jF Kyz Kyqr ivwc awvl pujIsLn hfisl krn vfly nOjuafnF nMU Aucycy qOr qy snmfinq kIqf jfvygf. AunHF dwisaf ik ies pRQfey bkfiedf iewk kmytI bxfeI jfvygI jo bwicaF dy kRYizMsLIal cYWk krygI.

          ies ngr kIrqn ‘c sLfml hox leI iqMny pfrtIaF dy afgUaF nMU swdf pwqr Byj idwqy gey hn.

bfdl dI qulnf bfby nfnk nfl krn vfly kohfV nUM akfl qKq sfihb qy qlb kIqf jfvy : lwKf isMG

mlot :-bIqy idnIN akflI afgU ajIq isMG kohfV ny bfdl dIaF isPqF dy puwlH bMnHidaf afpxy iBRsLt afkf dI qulnf iswK dy pihly gurU sRI gurU nfnk dyv jI dy brfbr kIqI jo ik inMdxXog hY| ienHF sLbdf df pRgtfvf kFgrs kmytI dy ijlHf mukqsr dy jnrl skwqr lwKf isMG ny ikhf ik akflI afgU ajIq  isMG duafrf bfdl nUM muwK mMqrI bxfAux sRI bfdl gurU nfnk sfihb vFgU jnqf nfl 13-13 kr dyxgy, bfdl vI gurU nfnk sfihb vFgU iensfP krdy hn| AunHF mMg kIqI ik kohfV nUM qurMq akfl qKq sfihb qy pysL kIqf jfvy aqy sjLf lfeI jfvy|

bfdl dI ptIsLn rwd

nvIN idwlI :- sRomxI akflI dl bfdl dy pRDfn aqy sfbkf muwK mMqrI pRkfsL isMG bfdl aqy AUhnF dy puwqr suKbIr isMG bfdl nUM iek hor vwzf Jtkf lwgf jdoN AnHF ivruwD iBRsLtfcfr dy dosLF bfry pfeI geI njLrsfnI ptIsLn suprIm kort ny rwd kr idwqI|

          suprIm kort qoN imlI jfxkfrI anusfr ies ptIsLn nUM mfnXog jwj jsits airjIq  psfieq ny jfrI kIqy| ijLkrXog hY ik ipwClI 6 dsMbr nUM mfnXog suprImm kort ny pRkfs isMG bfdl aqy hornF akflI mMqrIaF vwloN dfier ptIsLn ies ibnfa qy rwd kr idwqI sI ienHF ienHF vwloN koeI Tos afDfr nhI dwisaf igaf| s[ bfdl ny afpxI ptIsLn ivc dwisaf ik muwK mMwqrI afpxI jfqI ikV kwZx leI iBRsLtfcfr dy kys dfier kIqy hn aqy ienHF kysF dI suxvfeI ropV ivc nhIN ho skdI, ikAuNik iBRsLtfcfr ropV ivc nhIN hoey| suprIm kort ny dUsrI vfr bfdl dI ptIsLn Kfrj kridaF ikhf ik AuhnF ivruwD iBRsLtfcfr dy dosLF dI kfrvfeI ropVadflq ivc hI hoeygI|

smJoqf aYkspRYsw dy dosLIaF df koeI aihm surfg nhIN

pfnI pwq:- iqMn ryl mulfjLm  dI QoVI ijhI lfprvfhI kfrn aYqvfd dI rfq nUM awqvfdI ansr vwloN ‘smjoqf aYkspRYsw’ nUM afpxf insfnf bxfAux ivc kfmXfb ho gey| jy ieh iqMn mulfjLm rqf ku sfvDfnI nfl ieh  vyK lYNdy ik  Auh aijhy pMj musfPrF nUM vI ryl gwzI ‘c sPr krn dI iejfjq dy rhy hn ijnHF kol pfsport nhIN hY qF sLfied ieh hfdsf nf vfprdf| Aukq iqMny mulfjLmF nUM muawql kr idwqf igaf| ieh dysL df pihlf duKFq hY ijs ivc ihMd-pfik dy dysLF dy nfgirkF ny afpxIaF jfnf gvfeIaf| AuDr hirafxf pulIs ny sLwk dy afDfr qy do sLwkI ivakqIaF dy skYc jfrI kr idwqy| pr awjy qwk iksy ivakqI nUM pkiVaf nhIN igaf|

qKqF dy jQydfrF nUM cuwp hI rihx idE : bIbI amrjIq kOr

brytf :-  ‘iswKI dy  kfqlF qoN iswKI dy Bly dI afs nf rwKo, ienHF dI cupw hI BlI hY ikAuNik  jy ieh kuJ bolxgy qF Aus nfl iswKI df koeI sMvrnf nhIN’| ieh ivcfr akfl iesqrI dI pRDfn bIbI amrjIq kor ny iek aKbfr ivc Cwpy iswK imsLnrI kfljL afnMdpur sfihb dy ipRMsIpl suirMdr isMG dy ibafn Auqy afpxI itwpxI krdy khy|

          bIbI amrjIq kor ny ikhf ik  mYN imsLnrI sMsQfvF df qih idwlo DMnvfd krdI hF jo iswK kOm nUM shI mfrg drsLn dy rhy hn ieh PrjL jQydfrF df hY, pr Auhnf cuwp rihxf hI cMgf hY| AuhnF ikhf ik “ murdf bolU kfPn PfVU” vflI khfvq hY jQydfrF dI|

zyryvfd, mnmqIaF aqy iswK kOm ivc afeI igrfvt sfzy jQydfrF duafrf koeI Tos kfrvfeI nf krn df nqIjf hY|

kYptn dy rfj ‘c bfdl ny rWj ky jfiedfd bxfeI: mfn

brnflf: pMjfb dy muWK mMqrI kYptn amirMdr isMG aqy sfbkf muWK mMqrI s[pRkfsL isMG bfdl dovyN rly hoey hn| kYptn dy rfj ivc bfdl ny rWj ky jfiedfd bxfeI hY|Aukq sLbdF df pRgtfvf sRomxI akflI dl(a)dy pRDfn s[ismrnjIq isMG mfn ny kIqf|ies moky s[mfn ny ikhf ik suuprIm kort ny s[pRkfsL isMG bfdl dy kys nUM 3sfl qk ikAuN dbfa ky rWiKaf qy mMnjULrI ikAuN nhI idwqI| s[mfn ny ikhf ik bfdl qy kYptn imly hoey hn,ieMnFH dohF ny sQfnk AudXoigk Grfxy qo motf cox PMz ilaf aqy sULgr iml leI jLmIn aYkvfier kr ky idWqI jdik pihlF hI pMjfb ivc keI sULgr imlF bMd peIaF hn ijvyN ik buZyvfl|

          kFgrs srkfr nUM pqf sI ik brnflf ijLlf bnfAuxf hY ijs kfrn jLmIn aYkvfier kIqI geI qy iksfnF nUM bxdf mfrkIt ryt vI nhI idqf igaf| ijLlf bxn kfrn hux Ausy jLmIn dI kImq krIb8guxf vWD geI hY|aKLbfrF ivc coxF smyN  Cpy vWzy-vWzy iesLiqhfr bfry s[mfn ny ikhf ik aKLbfrF qy tI[vI cYnl hux pYsy dI hoV ivc hn|Auh afpxI lokqMqr ivclI BUimkf nUM Buwl cuwky hn|

iml mfhl dI plyTI aYlbm”isLkvf” rIlIjL

brYNptn (pMjfbI pRYWs) KMz vrgI imwTI pMjfbI mF bolI nMU gulfb dy PuwlF dI KusLbo ivwc guMn ky dunIaF ivwc vwsdy pMjfbI lokF leI vKyr dyx df Xqn aksr pMjfbI lokF vwloN huMdf rihMdf hY. ies ivwc iks nMU ikMnI sPlqf imldI hY ieh pMjfbIaF vloN imly huMgfry qy inrBr krdf hY. afpxf suwK afrfm iqafg ky pMjfbI dy PuwlF vrgy sLbdF nMU surF dI gfnI ivwc pRo ky pMjfbIaF dy ivhVy dI PulvfVI df ihwsf bxfAuxf ml mfhl df supnf sI. mlkIq isMG qoN mwl aqy mwl qoN iml bxy, mlkIq isMG mfhl ny bIqy hPqy afpxI imhnq nfl iqafr kIqI PuwlF vrgI sI[zI[ pMjfbIaF nMU ByNt kIqI hY.

          svfgq ieMzIan kujLIn brYNptn ivKy 16 PrvrI 2007 nUM mYWl mfhl dI pihlI sMgIq aYlbm, ‘isLkvf’ df rIlIjL smfroh hoieaf. sMgIq aYlbm isLkvf’ dI ieh rIlIjL rsm mUl rUp ivc mIzIaf leI afXoijq kIqI geI sI. mIitMg dy afrMB ivc vqn vIklI dy muwK sMpfdk myjr isMG nfgrf ny afey mihmfnF df svfgq aqy DMnvfd kIqf. smfgm qy Aucycf qOr qy phMucy brYNptn dy nvyN cuxy pihly iswK pgVIDfrI kfAuNslr ivwk iZwloN ny brYNptn dI myar, sUjLn PyYnl df mYWl mfhl leI Byijaf snmfn pwqr ies gfiek nUM ByNt kIqf aqy gfiek dI aYlbm isLkvf rIlIjL kIqI. Aus ny afp vI mYWl mfhl nUM vDfeI idwqI aqy  Aus dI klf dI pRPwlqf leI afpxIaF swLuB iewCfvF idwqIaF. iekbfl mfhl ny rUbI Zwlf df mYWl mfhl leI Byijaf pRsMsf pwqr pVH ky suxfieaf. mfhl ny vI mYWl mfhl dI klf nUM slfhuMidaF Aus nUM BivwK ivc iesy qrHF afpxy  klf Kyqr ivc qno mno jutx leI ikhf. pMjfbI pYRs klwb torMto dy koafrzInytr sR suKimMdr isMG hMsrf ny vI mYWl mfhl nUM aYlbm dI vDfeI idwqI pr nfl hI ieh vI slfh idwqI ik Auh sfP suQrI gfiekI hI pMjfbI smfj nUM dyvy. ies inwky pr pRBfvsLflI poRgrfm ivc mIzIaf dIaF bhuq sfrIaF ÈÉsIaqF hfjLr sn ijnHF ivc aÉbfr ngfrf dy sMpfdk zfktr sLfrdf, pMjfb stfr dy sMpfdk gurismrq isMG gryvfl, prvfsI dy sMpfdk rijMdr sYxI, vqn dy sMpfdk, gurdyv cOhfn, sursfgr qoN ipRMs sMDU,afr ky aYNtrtynmYNt dy jsivMdr Kosf, rMglf pMjfb dy idlbfg cfvlf, vqnoN dUr dy suwKI inwJr, pRIq lVI ryzIE dy dyv qfqlf, pMjfbI gfiek zf[ suKnYn aqy BuipMdr bwbl, blrfj cImf, soZI nfgrf, lKivMdr sMDU, qyijMdr isMG iemIgRysLn kMnsltYNt, mlkIq mfhl, amrjIq kMg, rxjIq iswDU aqy ivwk rTOr afid bhuq sfry sMgIq pRymI aqy snyhI hfjLr sn. gurimMdr pfl isMG afhlUvflIaf dI styj skwqrI bhuq pRBfvI rhI.

hux iPr joqsILaf dy duafr aWgy AumIdvfr

biTMzf:- 13 PrvrI nUM votF df rfm-rolf KLqm ho jfx qy mosm ivc TMZk af jfx kfrn isafsI AumIdvfr rjfeIaF ivc vV gey hn| ieMnFH idnF ivc kuWJ iek AumIdvfrF nUM CWz bfkI sfry AumIdvfrF dy mobfeIl Pon ‘swivc afP’af rhy hn| jdoN ik 13 PrvrI qwk Aukq AumIdvfr KuLd votrF aqy smrQkF dy Gry cwkr kWZdy rhy| ieh vI pqf cwilaf hY ik keI AumIdvfrF qF ijWq-hfr bfry pqf krn leI joqsILaf kolo apxI  iksmq bfry puWC rhy hn| biTMzf ijLlyH df iek isafsI AumIdvfr,jo ik iek vWzI pfrtI vWlo cox liVaf sI,bkisaf ivc bMd peI apxI qkdIr nUM bdlx leI iek pMzq qoN Aupfa vI krvf cuikaf hY| iesy qrFH isafsI ivsLlysLkf qo ielfvf KuPLIaf eyjMsIaF qo vI tohF lYNdy iPr rhy hn| dUsry pfsy hux qk dIaF imlIaF irportF muqfibk biTMzf loksBf hlky ivc afAuNdIaF 9 ivDfnsBf sItF ivco isrP do nUM CWz iksy sIt bfry koeI nqIjy muWK qor qy sfhmxy nhI af rhy hn| biTMzf aqy mfnsf ijLlyH ivc vMzy ivDfnsBf hlkf jogf ivc ijWQy akflIaF dI ijWq pWkI dWsI jf  rhI hY,AuQy mfnsf ijLlyH dy buZvflf hlky 4ivc mMgq rfey bFsl dI BfrI cVHq dWsI jf rhI hY|jdo ik srdUlgVH, qlvMzI sfbo, biTMzf aqy PUl hlky  ivk akflIaF qy kFgrsIaF ivckfr kFty dI tWkr hY| iesy qrFH hlkf pwkf klF,nQfxf aqy mfnsf ivc akflIaF df  hWQ AuWpr dWisaf jf irhf hY| biTMzf ivDfnsBf hlky ivc ijWQy akflI dl dy iek sfbkf mMqrI qy akflI AumIdvfr dI aMdrKfqy ivroDqf krn dy dosL  jnqk qor qy lWg rhy hn, AuQy ies hlky qoN kFgrsI AumIdvfr nUM icWq krn leI kuwJ kFgrsI vIr votF qoN iek idn pihlF kFgrsI JMizaF nUM Auqfr ky akflI JMzy lgfAux ivc ruWJy rhy| ies hlky dy keI kFgrsI nyqf aMimRqsr ivc qy ijLlyH dy iek hor kFgrsI AumIdvfr leI Aus dI mdd vfsqy joLr lgfAuNdy rhy,jdo ik Aukq hlikaF ivc nf hI AunHF dI koeI vot sI aqy nf hI koeI jfx-pCFx|

zyiraf dIaF mnmqIaF bfry akfl qKLq dI cwup icMqf df ivsLf

afnMdpur sfihb:- aKoqI sMqf dIaF inWq vWD rhIaF gurmiq ivroDI hrkqF dyK ky ieh afiKaf jf skdf hY ik mojUdf smyN ‘c isWK kom aigafnqf dy zUMGy smuMdr ivc goqy Kf rhI hY pr sfzI Dfrmk aqy rfjnIqk lIzrisLp mUk drsLk bx ky ieh sfrf qmfsLf vyK rhI hY’ Aukq ivcfr afnMdpur sfihb dy isWK imsLnrI kflj dy ipRsIpl suirMdr isMG ny bfbf aqr isMG aqy ishoVy vfly bfby sbMDI Cfpy gey iesLiqhfr rfhIN AunHF nUM siqgurU, bRhm igafnI qy mIrI-pIrI dy mflk df drjf idWqy jfx sbMDI pRgtfey| ipRMsIpl ny ikhf ik bRfhmxvfdI qfkqF ny isWK kom dy jrnYl bfbf rfm isMG nUM dyhDfrI gurU bxf ky tyBo ivc suwt idwqf| Aus nUM sRI  gurU gRMQ sfihb qy gurU  pMQ qoN qoV ky 12 vF gurU bxf idq aqy isrPL iek sMpRdf dy ipMjry ‘c bMd kr ky AunFH dI mhfnqf Gtf idWqI|

jy bfdl nMU 90 sItF imlxIaf hn qF Auh vltohf ivwc kI krdf iPrdy hY-mfn

PiqhgVH sfihb/jsvMq isMG- sLoRmxI akflI dl (aMimRqsr) dy pRDfn s[ ismrnjIq isMG mfn ny pRYs kfnPrMs dOrfn iewQy ikhf ik jy pRkfsL isMG bfdl nMU pqf hY ik Aus nMU pMjfb ivDfn sBF ivc 90 sItF iml jfxgIaF qF Auh vlhotrf ivKy kI krdf iPrdy hY aqy AuwQy sfry pMjfb dy nyqfvF nMU bulf ky ijqfAux leI ikAuN afK irhf hY ? s[ mfn ny vlhotf qy ibafs hlikaF dIaF bIbIaF nMU apIl kIqI ik mrdF nfloN bIbIaF ijLafdf pMQk huMdIaF hn aqy Auh iksy lflc ivc nhIN aFAuNdIaF . ies leI bIbIaF afpxIaF votF gYr pMQk qy gYr ijLmyvfr AumIdvfrF qy pfrtIaF nMU nf pfAux, ikAuNik kFgrs aqy akflI dovyN lutyiraF dIaF pfrtIaF hn .

s[ mfn ny ikhf ik asIN mwsf rMgV qF kMjrIaF ncfAuNdf suixaf sI pr jo akflI dl (b) df rfj kumfr suKbIr bfdl aqy sMq lONgovfl dy gwdI nsLIn goibMd isMG lONgovfl ny pYsy lY ky iPlmF ivc nwcx gfAux df kMm krn vflI ‘hymf mfilnI’ nMU pMjfb dIaF styjF qy ilaf ky kMm kIqf hY, Auh kdy vI sLoRmxI akflI dl ny nhIN kIqf sI . s[ mfn ny ikhf ik jdoN hymf mfilnI ny kih idwqf sI ik Aus ny DrimMdr nfl ivafh nhIN krvieaf pr do bwcy jo AunHF pfs hn, Auh DrimMdr pMjfb dy puwqr dy hn qF ies gwl qoN akflI dl df ieqhfs klMkq krn vfilaf nMU rokxf cfhIdf sI . s[ mfn ny ikhf ik pRkfsL isMG bfdl, ijhVHf kFgrs nMU gflF kwZdf hY aqy afpxIaF DIaF dy zoly kfgrsIaF dy Gr idMdf hY, Auh ikhVf pMQk hY?

AunHf ikhf ik brnfly eyrIey dI jLmIn bfdl dy iek aYm[ pI[ qy cfr aYm[ aYl[ eyjL[ ny rl ky trfeIzYNt grup nMU iekvfier krvfeI aqy kFgrs srkfr ny kbjLy ivc krvfAux dI koisLsL kIqI . s[ mfn ny ikhf ik hux trfeIzYNt grup lokf df bIijaf hoieaf gMnf Gwt ryt qy KrId ky iksfnF df sLosx kr irhf hY aqy kuwqI corF nfl rl geI hY .

AunHf ikhf ik Auh 376 eykV jmIn jo kozIaF dy Bfa KrIdI geI hY, 27 PrvrI qoN bafd trfeIzYNt grup qoN Cuzvf dyxgy . sLRI mfn ny ibafs qy vlhotf ivKy votrF nMU apIl kIqI ik Auh bfdl df hMkfr qoVn aqy kwQUnMgl ivKy AunHF qy hmlf krn vfly ivrsf isMG, jo vlhotrf qoN AumIdvfr hn, nMU mUMh nf lfAux . ies mOky ijLlf pRDfn jsvMq isMG rijMdrgVH, dPqr skwqr rxjIq isMG cImF afid vI hfjLr sn .

pMjfb coxF ivwc irkfrz qoV poilMg

sB dy dfavy vwKry-vwKry

mINh ‘c 71[97% votF peIaF

cMzIgVH:pMjfb dy 117 ivco 115 ivDfn sBf hlikaF aqy aimRqsr sMsdI Aup cox ivc aWj BfrI vrKf aqy Krfb mosm dy bfvjUd sLfm 5 vjy qk irkfrz 71[97 PIsdI votF pfeIaF, jo ipClIaF coxF(61[14)PIsdI nflo vD hn| muWK cox aPsr suMdrm ikRsLn ny ikhf ik CotIaF-motIaf GtnfvF nUM Cz ky rfj ivc cox inrivGn aqy sLfqIpUrn hoeIaF|  mfJy aqy doafby dy Kyqr dy mukfbly mflvf Kyqr ivc ijLafdf votF peIaF| votF iPlhfl rfj ivc 117 ivco115 ivDfn sBf sItF leI peIaF hn| vltohf aqy ibafs hlikaF ivc votF qkrIbn14 PrvrI aqy 11 mfrc nMU pYxgIaF| votF dI igxqI 27 PrvrI nUM hovygI aqy rfj ivc iks pfrtI nUM swqf imlygI ,ies ivsyL ivc siQqI Aus idn kuJ hI GMitaf ivc sWpsLt ho jfvygI|

          qyjL vrKf dI pRvfh kIqy bgYr lok sLihrI qy pYNzU KyqrF ivc GrF qoN bfhr inkl ky BfrI sMiKaf ivc poilMg stysLnf qy phuMcy aqy afpxy sMivDfnk aiDkfr df pRXog kIqf|

          vWK-vWK tI[vI cYnlF vWlo pysL aYgijLt poljL ivc vwK-vWK nqIijaF dI BWivKbfxI kIqI geI hY| ijQy stfr tI[vI[qy aYn[zI[tI[vI vWlo sRomxI akflI dl -Bfjpf gTjoV nUM lIz idWqI geI hY, AuQy afeI[bI[aYn -7 dI njLr ivc kFgrs lIz lYNdI ivKfeI dy rhI hY| stfr tI[vI vwlo pysL aYgijLt pol ivc sRomxI akflI dl-Bfjpf gTjoV nUM bhumq idMdy hoey 60 sItF imlx dI BivwKbfxI kIqI hY jdik kFgrs nUM 48 sItF aqy 7 sItF horF dy Kfqy ivc pfeIaF hn|

          svrgI jQydfr gurcrn isMG  tOhVf dI supqnI iekwilaf hI afpxy zrfeIvr nfl afpxI vot ipMz dy skUl aMdr pfAux geI| mfqf joigMdr kor tohVf dI vot iks AumIdvfr dy hWk  ivc peI hY, ieh iewk suafl hI bx ky rih igaf hY. mfqf ny qF afpxy Gr dIaF kMDf nyiVE akflI AumIdvfr dy postr vI afpxy sI[afr[pI dy surWiKaf gfrzF pfso pVvf idWqy sn|

          AumIdvfrF dI iksmq 27 PrvrI qwk zwibaF ivwc bMd peI hY. bhuqy AumIdvfr sfh DUhI bYTy hn.

sFJ svyrf kYnyzf df srboqm aKbfr

pMjfb aYkspRYWs (XU[aYs[ey[), pMjfb tfiemjL (XU[ky[) aqy cVdI klf (bI[sI[) smyq sFJ svyrf nMU nfrQ amrIkf iswK alfieMs vloN snmfinq

kfrtyrt (inAUjrsI)-norQ amrIkf isWK alfieMs (nfsf)vloN sfl 2006 ivWc pMjfbI aKbfrF dI pMjfbI BfeIcfry leI kI dyx hY ies nUM GoKx leI ieWk kmytI bxfeI geI sI. pMj mYNbrI ies kmytI ny aMqr rfsLtrI pWDr qy pMjfbI aKbfrF df srvyKx kIqf. isWK alfieMs vloN bxfeI kmytI ny aKbfrf nUM pMjfbI BfeIcfry leI kIqy kMmF df jfiejf ilaf. isWK alfieMs dy buulfry ny pqrkfrF nUM dwisaf ik kmytI ny ipCly vry ivwc aKbfrF dy ies imafr nUM mwdy njr rWiKaf ik AunHF ny vDyry cricq muidaf qy ikMnf ku pfiedfr stYNz ilaf. ijMNnHF pihlUaF qy kmytI ny njrsfnI AunHF ivwc Dfrimk-rfjnIqk-smfijk -sfihqk pWK nUM vI dyiKaf. smfj ivWc Brm BulyKy pfky dunIaF nUM guMmrfh krn vfilaf dI iesLiqhfrbfjI krn qoN ikMnF ku dUr rhy hn ieh vI kmytI dy pfrKU nukiqaf ivwc sLfml sI. kmytI ny knyzf qoN CWpdy cVHdI klf aqy sFJ svyrf -ieMglYNz qoN CWpdy pMjfb tfeImj aqy amrIkf ivWc CWpdy pMjfb aYkspRYs aKbfr nUM pfrKU nukiqaf qy pUry Auqrdy pfieaf. ieMNnHF aKbfrF df snmfn krn leI 11 PrvrI df idn cuixaf igaf. ies ivwc inAUXfrk-inAUjrsI-isLkfgo-knyzf aqy ieMglYNz qoN afey pqvMiqaf ny ihWsf ilaf. smfroh dy muK mihmfn BfeI kulvMq isMG jI huMdl isLkfgo qoN afey hoey sn. aKbfrF nUM snmfnq krn df pRogrfm BFvy ik inrf snmfn smfroh sI pr ieh ieWk aYsI kfnPrMs ho inbiVaf ijs ivwc isWK kom dy msilaf dI vI KulI ivcfr hoeI.

          inAUXfrk qoN sLRI Em pRkfsL jI ny styj skWqr dI syvf sMBflI. sLRI gurU rivdfs gurU Gr dy keI icr skwqr rihx qoN bfad hux vI skWqr dI syvf inBf rhy Em pRkfsL jI ny  styj nUM bf KUbI sFiBaf. sLRI hrBjn cOhfn jI ny gurU nfnk jI dy nfl sbMD rwKdy gIq dy bolL afpxI imWTI aqy  pRBfvsLflI avfj ivWc suxfieaf. AunHF qoN bfad iPr rfq dy 11 vjy qWk buliraF ny afpxy ivcfr pysL kIqy. krIb sfry bulfiraF ny ies gl qy jor idWqf ik sfzy mIzIey nUM cMgI BUimkf inBf ky smfj nUM vDIaf dyx dyxI cfhIdI hY ijs nfl afAux vflI pIVI jIvn df cMgf imafr bxf sky. vihmF Brmf qoN inrlyp smWgrI kOm nUM muheIaF kIqI jfvy.

          aWj dy aKbfr kOm df ikMnHF nuksfn kr rhy hn iehdI imsfl idWqI bfbf bMdf isMG bhfdr dy BfeI srvx isMG ny AunHF ny dWisaf ik aWj aKbfrF ivWcoN jdoN pfKMzI lokF dy iesLiqhfr bwcy ieh pVdy hn ik bfby kol qMMqr mMqr hY ik nojvfn bWcy dI idlI murfd pUrI ho jfdI hY qf bwcy ieMnf bfibaF nUM Pon krdy hn. pqf Aus vyly lWgdf hY jdoN sYNkiVaf ivWc kryizt kfrzF df ibl af jFdf hY. keI bWcy qF mFipaF dy krYizt kfrz cfrj krf idMdy hn.

          hor muidaf dy nfl nfl isWK kOm dI ajfdI dI gl vI cWlI. BfeI gurmIq isMG rfxf-jogf isMG -zfktr bKsLIsL isMG sMDU aqy suKimMdr isMG hMsrF ny isWK kOm dI ajfdI dy sMklp nUM bhuq suMdr qrIky nfl sroiqaF dy gocry kIqf. ieMnHF ivcfrF ivwc ikhf igaf ik ijs kom kol ajfdI nhIN hY Aus hmysLF suMgVdI rihMdI hY. afpxy Gr ivwc rih ky kOMmF dI qrWkI kr skdIaF hn. aWpr zrbI  pYnslvfnIaf qoN afey BfeI nirMdr isMG jo ik ipCy ijhy zYlvyar kFAUNtI ivWc apr zrbI ivKy aYjUkysLn borz dy mYNbr bxy hn ny ies gl qy jor idWqf ik sfnUM afpxy bWicaF dy cMgy BivWK leI ieQoN dy rfjnIqk ZFcy ivWc sLfml  hoxf cfhIdf hY.

          BfeI jogf isMG jo huxy huxy pMjfb qoN afey hn ny pMjfb dI inwGrdI hflq nUM qy ilKI kivqf suxfeI.

          muWK qOr qy aKbfrF dI ajfdI dI gwl crcf ivWc rhI. ijQy aKbfrF dy Aucy sucy imafr dI gl hoeI AuQy  aKbfrF nUM clfAux vfilaF dIaF ijMmyvfrIaF vfry vI ijkr hoieaf. aKbfrF dy sMpfdkF nUM afpxI ijMmyvfrI ies ZMg nfl inBfAux dI slfh idWqI geI ijs nfl smfj ivwc nroaf pn afvy.

          sMq sfgr gurU Gr dy muK syvfdfr BfeI swjx isMG ny afpxy ivcfr pysL kridaF ikhf ik aKbfr df pYNzf bhuq aOKf aqy ibKVf hY.ies dI rfh ivwc Aus vyly sB qoN vwD aOkVF afAudIaF hn jdoN ieh sWc qy pihrf idMdy hn AunF ny ikhf ik sWc ilKxf bhuq aOKf hY pr DMn hn Auh klmF jo sWc ilKdIaF hn. BfeI sfihb ny ikhf ik ijQy sWc ilKxf aOKf hY AuQy sWc suxnf vI bhuq musLkl hY .lok sWc nUM suxn dI bhuq Gt qfkq rWKdy hn.BfeI sfihb ny sWc qy pihrf dyx vflIaF aKbfrF df sfQ dyx dI vfr vfr apIl kIqI.

          ivcfrF dy bdldy ruK isWKI dy vfDy vl vI gey. kwuJ bulfiraF ny ieh ivcfr vI rWKy ik jykr koeI aKbfr sWc muWc hI sWc ilKx df dfavf krdf hY qF Aus dy clfAux vfly isWKI nfl juuVy hoxy cfhIdy hn. AunHF df ivcfr hY ik sWc isrP isWKI hI hY. jykr isWKI df sWc nhIN apxfieaf qF jIvn ivwc Gft rih jFdI hY aqy aKbfr df pMQk hoxf vI sLWkI bx jFdf hY.

          ies smfroh nUM muK mihmfn BfeI kulvMq isMG huMdl aqy sFJ svyrf dy sMpfdk BfeI suKimMdr isMG hMsrF ny dI afmd ny cfr cMn lfey. BfeI suKimMdr isMG hMsrF ny dwisaf ik dunIaF dI sB qoN pihlI aKbfr cIn ivwc 748 ivwc sLurU hoeI sI ijs df nfm sLfied “icMn pfAU” sI. ies qoN AuprMq amrIkf ivwc sB qoN pihlI aKbfr 1690 eIsvI ivwc bOstn qoN inklI ijsdf nfm sI “pbilk akrMs”. ies aKbfr nMU klonIal srkfr ny jbq kr ilaf sI aqy iesdy sMpfdk nMU igRPqfr kr ilaf sI. 14 sflF bfad ieh aKbfr muV qoN sLurU hoeI qF ieh klonIal srkfr dy hwk ivwc BugqdI rhI. aihjy sihjy hor aKbfrF amrIkf ivwc cflU ho geIaF PlsrUp 1783 ivwc jdoN amrIkI jMf smfpq hoeI qy klonIal rfj Kqm hoieaf Aus vyly amrIkf ivwc 43 aKbfrF pRkfsLq huMdIaF sn. ieqhfskfrF df ieh vI mMnxf hY ik amrIkf coN klonIal rfj smfpq krn leI aKbfrF ny muwK BUimkf inBfeI sI.

          AuprMq BfeI sfihb ny aKbfr aqy srkfr dy afpsI sbMD dI gl kIqI. aKbfr iksy smfj leI ikMnHF aihm jLrIaf hY iesdf aMdfjLf lfAux leI sfnMU amrIkf dy cOQy pRDfn Qoms jYPrsn df sMn 1787 ivwc ikhf kQn ik “agr mYN PYslf krnf hovy ik, kI mYN aKbfr qoN ibnHF srkfr jF srkfr qoN ibnHF aKbfr nMU qrjIh dyvFgf qF mYN mgrlI gwl dy hwk ivwc jfx leI iewk pl vI nhIN socFgf”. Bfv aKbfr smfj dI isrjxf leI iewk aihm sRoq hY. BfeI suKimMdr isMG hMsrf ny ies snmfn smfroh smyN KusLI df iejhfr kridaF ikhf ik asIN kYnyzf ivwc aKbfrF vfly qF iml bYTdy aqy pMjfbI pRYW nMU af rhIaF musLklF bfry ivcfrF krdy hF pr ieh pihlI vfr hY ik sfzy iswK afgU aKbfrF dI cVdI klF leI iekwTy hoey hn. nOrQ amrIkf iswK alfieMs nUM AunHF ny ies gl dI bhuq vDfeI idWqI.

          pMjfb tfiemjL ieMtrnYsLnl bfry bolidaF dwisaf igaf ik sR[ rijMdr isMG puryvfl pMjfb PyrI qy gey hox kfrx ies smfgm ivwc sLfml nf ho sky. pMjfb tfiemjL ny ieMglYNz ivwc imsfl kfiem kridaF pfKMzI bfibaF nMU nkfiraf aqy cmqkfrI bfibaF dI pihl dy qOr qy inKyDI kIqI hY. pMjfb tfiemjL ieMtrnYsLnl df snmfn trFto qo afey sR[ avqfr isMG pUnIaf ny pRfpq kIqf aqy AunF vfadf kIqf ik ieh snmfn pMjfb tfiemjL ieMtrnYsLnl nMU phuMcf idwqf jfvygf.

          aKIr ivwc BfeI kulvMq isMG ny afey hoey aKbfrF dy sMpfdkF nUM snmfn icMn dy ky snmfnq kIqf. BfeI kulvMq isMG ny afpxy ivcfr prgt kridaF QoVy smyN ivwc isWK kOm nUM drpysL cuxoqIaF dI gl khI. AunHF ny ikhf rfjnIqk afgUaf qoN lY ky mOjUdF akfl qWKq dy jQydfrF dI kfrjgujfrI qWk cfnxf pfieaf. AunHF ny ies nUM kOm dI bdiksmqI dWisaf ik kOm dI vFg zor aWj AunHF dy hwQ cly geI hY ijMnHf nUM nf qF kOm nfl ipafr hY aqy nf hI Drm nfl koeI lYx dyx hY. dljIq isMG isLkfgo vfly dy kys ivwc isWK kOm d jQydfrF vloN apxfeIaf nIqIaF df AunHF ny ijkr kIqf. ijs nUM sux ik ieh qsvIr sfhmxy afeI ik awj akfl qKq sfihb qy vI Qfxy vfly isstm cl irhf hY. afpxI hWz bIqI suxfAuidaf AunHF ny dWisaf ik iks qrF jQydfr ivdFqI jI bfby dljIq isMG df kys suxn vyly AultF AunHF nUM (huMdl nUM) qfV rhy sn.

          ies mOky qy pMjfb aYkspRYs dy sMpfdk sqnfm isMG rtYNzf ny ikhf  ik pMjfbI aKbfrF df imafr Aucf hoxf bhuq jrurI hY. pr aKbfrI imafr AuWcf cukx leI ieWkly aKbfr df nhIN sfzy afgUaF df vI Xogdfn hoxf bhuq jrUrI hY. rFho BtkI hoeI aqy isDFqhIx isWK lIzrisLp dI gl kridaF AunHF ny ikhf ik jdoN lIzrisLp dy iksy koeI ilKdf hY jF iPr Drm dy ilbfsF ivWc cor Zfxy df prdf PfsL krn df koeI Xqn krdf hY qF Aus vyly Auh lIzrisLp ijs ny aKbfr nUM sLfbfsL dyxI huMdI hY Auh cor Aucikaf dy hwk ivWc KVodI hY. gurdvfry jo ik sMgq dy sihXog nfl cldy hn AuQy sMgqF nUM lutx vfly lokF df pWK pUiraf jFdf hY. lIzrisLp ies qrF dy aKbfrF nUM corF dI inafeI cuWk ky sMgq qoN Auhly krn dI koisLs krdI hY. gurU Gr nUM inWjI jfiedfd smJ ky PYsly ley jFdy hn ik ieh aKbfr pfKMzIaf prdf PfsL krdf hY ies nUM aYz vI nhIN dyxI. rtYNzf ny ikhf cMgI lIzrisLp hox nfl aKbfrF df imafr afpxy afp Aucf ho jFdf hY. ikAuNik aKbfr lIzrisLp aqy afm pbilk dy ivckfr ivcoligrI df kMm krdf hY. jo lIzrisLp krdI hY Auh afm lokF qWk phuMcfAux df kMm aKbfr df hY.

          aMq ivWc sR[ hiridafl isMG jOhl ny smfroh ivWc sfml hox vfilaf df DMnvfd kIqf.golzn ieMzIafn rYstorYNt dy svfdI Kfxy df sfiraf ny hI KUb anMd mfixaf.isWK alfieMs ny ieh vI aYlfn kIqf ik afAux vfly smyN ivWc dYink aKbfrF df srvyKx kIqf jfvygf aqy AunHF nUM vI snmfn idWqf  jfvygf.alfieMs dy bulfry ny dWisaf ik sWc qy pihrf dyx vfly pricaF  nUM snmfn dyx nfl ieh pqf lwgdf hY ik jokr sWc nMU suxn vfly Gwt hn qF  sWc nUM psMd krn vfly vI ies dunIaF ivWc hn.