kI nihrU pirvfr df gMgU bRfhmx nfl koeI sbMD hY?

ieh gMgU bRfhmx kOx sI?Auh gurU sfihb df rsoeIaf kdoN bixaf? ies bfry hux qk ieho ikhf jFdf hY ik ieh KyVI df rihx vflf sI,gurU sfihb pfs kdoN igaf,ies bfry bhuqI jfxkfrI nhIN imldI.

pRiswD iswK ivdvfn qy ieiqhfskfr zf[ sMgq isMG ny apxI pusqk "ieiqhfs `c iswK" ivc nihrU pirvfr nUM gMgU bRfhmx dy vMsL nfl joiVaf hY.aorMgjLyb dy jLulm qsLwdd qoN pRysLfn ho ky jd ksLmIrI pMzq gurU qygL bhfdr jI pfs afnMdpur sfihb afey sn,ijnHF dI agvfeI anMqnfg ielfky coN mwtn qoN pMzq ikrpf rfm kr rhy sn.ies bfry vI iksy nUM sLMkf nhIN hY .zf[sMgq isMG ilKdy hn,"ies mMzl ivc do qrHF dy lok sn.vPLd df muKI pMzq aqy kuJ hor iswK lihr vwl Jukfa rwKdy sn,bfkI sfry vrx afsLrm Drm aqy ies ivclIaF AuwcIaF nIvIaF jfqF dy pwky anuXfeI sn.so pihlf svfl ieh AuiTaf ik kI pRqIinwD gurU ky lMgr ivc pRsLfid Ck ky afpxy Drm nUM iBRsLt krn lYx? GurU qygL bhfdr jI ny ienHF dI duibDf dUr krn leI vwzf jIa kr ky bRfhmxF dy syvk,gMgf rfm kOl ArPL gMgU bRfhmx nUM afpxy gRih ivKy rsoeIaf rwK ilaf qF jo ienHF leI Bojn aqy hor loVF df pRbMD kr dyvy"(pMnf-65)

iesy pMny qy hyTF Put-not ivc Auh dsdy hn, "ksLmIrI ieiqhfskfr pI[aYn[ky[ bfmjeI,ny aprYl 1995 ivc lyKk nfl glbfq kridaF ikhf ik ksLmIrI bRfhmx aYny kwtV sn,(aj kl qoN QoVf smF pihlF qk vI) ik AuhnF nfl sdf ksLmIrI bRfhmx rsoeIaf huMdf sI aqy iksy hor nUM,BfvyN pMjfbI bRfhmx nUM,Auh afpxy Gr inXukq nhIN krdy sn."

ihMdusqfn dI afjLfdI dI lVfeI ivc iswKf dy rol aqy gurduafrf suDfr lihr vfly aiDafey ivc jYqo dy morcy ivc nihrU dI igrPLqfrI qy jylH coN irhfeI hox df ijLkr krdy hoey Auh ilKdy hn,"Aus smyN jvfhr lfl afpxy ipqf dy vqIry qoN kfPLI prysLfn sI aqy moqI lfl vI puwqr dy Epry vqIry qoN Gwt inrfsL nhIN sI ikAuNik ieh pirvfr dIaF rvfieqF dy Ault sI.moqI lfl ny afpxy pwqr nUM iek gwl ‘qy gOr krn leI ikhf ik jd gFDI, mflvIaf,aYNzirAUjL aqy dUsry afgU iswK lihr dI ihmfieq krn ivc[Auh afp (moqI lfl) Blf ikAuN ies mfmly ‘qy cuwp hY.Aus ny qd jvfhr lfl nUM sfrI khfxI dsI ik ikvyN ‘kOl ‘ nfm ‘nihrU’ nfm ivc qbdIl hoieaf sI.Aus ny afpxI gl ieQoN afrMB kIqI ik bfdsLfh PLruKsIar ny gMgf rfm kOl AurPL gMgU bRfhmx dIaf mugLl slqnq pRqI syvfvF nUM icr ipCoN pCfxidaF sn 1716 ivc Aus dy puwqr rfj kOl nUM jfgIr idqI sI.moqI lfl ny gMgf rfm kOl dI kfrvfeI nUM jfiejL Tihrfieaf ikAuNik Aus dy ivcfr anusfr gurU goibMd isMG jI vloN Kflsy df inrmfx krnf bRfihmxI mwq leI iswDf Kqrf bx igaf sI.jvfhr lfl iek afigafkfr pwuqr aqy eImfndfr bRfhmx hox kr ky Ayusy rfh ‘qy af igaf.ies ipCoN Aus dy akflIaF pRqI dvweIey ivc pRqwK qbdIlI af geI.qd qoN nihrU pirvfr df iswKF pRqI rvweIaf pirvfirk rvfieqF anusfr hI irhf." (pMnf-188)

jfgIr imlx bfry zf[sMgq isMG ny pihlF iek aiDafey ivc disaf hY ik PrvrI 1712 ivc bfdsLfh bhfdr sLfh dI mOq ho geI.agly sfl PLruKsIar nvyN bfdsLfh bxy.Auh ilKdy hn,"bfdsLfh PLruKsIar ny 1716 ivc ieh mMn ilaf ik srihMd dy sUbydfr vjLIr Kfn ny iek dhfkf pihlF gMgU bRfhmx nfl Aus smyN vDIkI kIqI sI jdoN Aus koloN sonf,gihxy aqy nkdI lY ky jLbq kr ley sn jo gMgU ny gurU goibMd isMG jI dy mfqf jI qy do Coty sfihjLfidaF nUM DoKf dy ky moirMzf dy Kfn dy hvfly kridaF hiQaf ley sn.Aus ny gMgU dy puwqr rfj kl nUM bdly ivc idwlI dy iek Aupngr,aMDf mugLl ivKy nihr dy kMZy siQq jfgIr dy idwqI.ies ‘qy prdf pfAux vfsqy,ieh jfgIr nihr kMZy hox kr ky afpxy nF nfloN kOl htf ky ies dI QF nihrU Aupnfm qurMq lgf idqf." (pMnf-100)

iesy pMny ‘qy hyTF Put-not ‘qy ilKdy hn,"pirvfr dy ieiqhfs bfry not,bMsI Dr nihrU (1848-1913),jo Auqr prdysL ivc iek vfr pRQm gryz df sb-jwj irhf sI,ny apxI mOq qoN kuJ smF pihlF iliKaf sI."

"jvfhr lfl nihrU ny ipCoN ies ivc soD kIqI,jd Aus ny iliKaf ik kOl-nihrU nfm nfl jfxy jFdy rihx ipCoN pirvfr nUM hOlI hOlI Aupnfm nihrU imilaf,pr ieh gwl swc nhIN hY. bMsI Dr nihrU dy not dy bfvjUd jvfhr lfl nihrU afpxI svY-jIvnI (1936) df afrMB ies JUT nfl krdf hY ik PLruKsIar 1716 ivc rfj kOl (aKOqI qOr `qy sMsikRq aqy PfrsI dy mhfn ivdvfn) nUM ksLmIr qoN ilafieaf aqy Aus nUM aMDf mugLl ivc jfgIr idqI.sfry ieiqhfskfr sihmq hn ik PLruKsIar kdy vI ksLmIr nhIN igaf sI." ies dI pusLtI leI Auh nfmvr pwqrkfr aYm[jy[abr dI psuqk ‘Jawaharlal Nehru.A biogrphy’(1989)aqy bI[ky[nihrU dI pusqk ‘Nice Guys Finish Second’(1997)df hvflf idMdy hn.AunHF anusfr gMgU bRfhmx dI vMsL coN hox kr ky hI ieMdrf gFDI ny 1984 ivc sRI drbfr sfihb `qy PojI hmlf kIqf sI.jykr nihrU pirvfr bfry zf[ sMgq isMG vloN ilKy ieh qwQ shI hn,qF iesy kfrn rfjIv gFDI ny ivAuNqbwD ZMg nfl iswKF df kqlyafm kvfieaf.sonIaf gFDI qy rfhul-ipRXMkf BYx-Brf nUM vI afpxI ieh KfndfnI irvfieq jfrI rKxI pey gI.

pRiswD pMQk ivdvfn BfeI kfhn isMG nfBf ny apxy "mhfn kosL" ivc gMgU bRfhmx bfry ies qrHF iliKaf hY," KyVI ipMz df vsnIk iek bRfhmx gurU goibMd isMG jI df kwptI nOkr sI,sMmq 1761 ivc jd gurU sfihb ny afnMdpur sfihb iqafigaf[Aus vyly ieh mfqf gujrI jI ar Coty sfihbjLfidaf nUM lY ky apxy ipMz phuMicaf,mfqf jI df sfrf Dn rfq nUM curf ky svyry Qfxydfr nUM afpxy ipRqpflkF nUM PVfAux leI cVHf lY afieaf,aqy qyhF nUM kYd krvfky srihMd iBjvfieaf, ijwQy AunHF ny sLhIdI pfeI.bMdf bhfdr ny sMmq 1767 ivc gMgU nUM pirvfr smyq kql kr ky KyVI df Qyh kIqf, hux nvIN bsqI df nfAuN shyVI hY.(pMnf-433)