sRI drbfr sfihb Aupr hmlf krnf ieMdrf gFDI dI bjr glqI
ieh glqI Bfrq dy toty krvfeygI

Bfg dUjf

suKimMdr isMG hMsrf

Bfrq srkfr vloN sMq jrnYl isMG iBMzrFvfly aqy AunF dy sfQIaF dIaF srgrmIaF df bhfnf bxf ky sRI drbfr sfihb Aupr hmlf krn dI kIqI geI GtIaf kfrvfeI, ieMdrf gFDI dI mOq df kfrx bxI. iehI kfrvfeI BivwK ivwc Bfrq dyÈ dy toty krn leI kfrx bxygI. ies ivÈy Aupr hor rOÈnI pfAux leI ipCly afrtIkl ivwc afpF korIan afËfdI dI gwl kIqI sI ik iks qrF jfpfnI hkUmq ny korIan lokF dIaF BfvnfvF nfl iKlvfV kIqf PlsrUp iewk lMmI qy sKq lVfeI lVidaF korIan lokF dy afËfdI hfisl kIqI. korIan qoN ielfvf ieËrfiel iewk mulk dy rUp ivwc sMsfr dy nkÈy qy 1940ivaF dy awD ivckfr drj hoieaf sI.

          ies sMGrÈ qy vI motI motI nËr mfrn dI loV hY. PlsqIn lPË qoN bixaf pYilsqfeIn df iKwqf 1517 qoN 1917 qwk EtomYn qurks dy kbËy hyT irhf.  170 sfl dI gulfmI aqy aiqafcfr qoN bfad ies iKwqy ivwc kuwJ jIAUs afgUaF ny jIAUs ZMg qrIikaF nfl pYilsqfeIn ivwc iËMdgI jIx df iKafl krn dI Ëuarq kIqI. qF ik Auh jIAUs siBafcfr, Drm aqy afpxIaF kdrF kImqF ƒ muwV surjIq kr skx. qkrIbn iesy vyly ivdyÈF ivwc vwsdy jIAUË lokF ƒ jgfieaf aqy aihsfs krvfieaf igaf ik Auh pYilsqfeIn ivwc rihMdy afpxy sihjogIaF jIEUË dy hwQ mjbUq krn.

          1882 dy ierd igrd (BfvyN kuwJ ieiqhfskfr ies smyN ƒ kuwJ bfad ivwc dwsdy hn) Aus vyly dy sulqfn dI mrËI anusfr  rUsI “pogrm” (Pogrom) (ieh lPË Kfs krky jIAUË Aupr hoey juƒ ibafndf hY iesdf mqlb hY: XhUdIaF df pUrv insicq kqlyafm) sdkf 7000 dy kRIb jIAUË  bfkI eyrIaf Cwz ky pYilsqfeIn ivwc qbdIl ho gey sn. jIAUË dI ihËrq df ieh pihlf dOr sI. 1895 ivwc pYilsqfeIn dI vsoN 5 lwK sI ijs ivwcoN 47 hËfr ijAUË dwsy jFdy hn.

          pwqrkfr/ieiqhfskfr dIAUzor hrl (Theodor Herzl) anusfr ies vyly jdoN pYilsqfeIn ivwc jIAUË dI igxqI kfPI vwD geI sI ijs ƒ nËraMdfË krnf muÈkl sI  qF ieQy jIAUË dI afpxI afËfd styt dI gwl qur peI sI. dIAUzor hrl ny iliKaf hY ik jIAUË dI rfjnIqk styt ƒ muV qoN surjIq krn dI cwlI lihr ƒ joaYinËm df nfm idwqf igaf. joaYinËm df pihlf iekwT dIAUzor hrl  dI pRDfngI hyT bsl ivwc 1897 ivwc hoieaf ijs ivwc jIAUË BfeIcfry df pYilsqfeIn ivwc dyÈkfl (jIAUË homlYNz ien pYilsqfn) GVn dI Xojnf bxfeI geI aqy Aus dyÈ df JMzf aqy rfÈtrI qrfnf ''afs rwKxI” qih kIqf igaf.

          ibRitÈ afiPs afP kolonIal aPyarË ny joaYinËm dy CyvyN iekwT ivwc ieh qËvIË pyÈ kr idwqI ik jIAUË df homlYNz XugMzf ivwc sQfpq kr idwqf jfvy. ieh eyjMzf qkrIbn pfs ho igaf sI pr aYn mOky qy eIstrn XOrpIn jIAUË mIitMg coN vfkafAUt kr gey. 1903 ivc idl df dOrf pY jfx kfrx dIAUzor hrl 44 sfl dI Aumr ivwc akfl clfxf kr igaf.

          sMn 1904 ivwc 40 hËfr rUsI jIAUË  pYilsqfeIn ivwc ihËrq kr gey. ienHF nfl 1906 ivwc zyivwz ibn gurIEn vI ieQy ihËrq krky af igaf. XojnfkfrI kOm ny jIAUË nYÈnl PMz sQfpq kr ilaf sI ijs coN 1906 ivwc jIAUË ny jOrzn dy pUrb vfly pfsy ËmIn KrId leI.

          pihlI sMsfr jMg julfeI 1914 qoN nvMbr 11, 1918 qwk hoeI ijs ivwc cfr vwzIaF slqnq rfj KyrUM KyrUM hoey. ienF ivwc astRo hMgyrIan, jrmn, EtomYn aqy rUsI rfjF Èfml hn.

          ibRitÈ, PrFs aqy rUsIaF ny arb lokF ƒ afps ivwc pfVn dIaF Xojnf bxfeI. iewk pfsy AunhF arbF ƒ qurkF dy iKlfP ieh kih ky BVkf idwqf ik Auh arbF dI mdd krngy dUsry pfsy ienF ny 1917 ivwc ibRitÈ ny bflPor zYklryÈn jfrI kr idwqI ijs ivwc drj sI ik:

          His Majesty`s Government views with favour the establishment in palestine of a national home for the jewish people, and will use their best endeavors to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-jewish communities in palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by jews in any other country.”

ies zYklryÈn qoN iewk mhInf bfad ibRitÈ aqy arb POËF ny qurkF qoN pYilsqfeIn ƒ afËfd krvf ky afpxy kbËy ivwc kr ilaf.

          1919 ivwc 25000 hor rUsI jIAUË ny ihËrq krky pYilsqfeIn ivwc af zyry lfey.

          1921 ivwc ibRitÈ srkfr ny vfeIt pypr jfrI krky ''bflPor aYlfn” ƒ muV GoiÈq kridaF ieh Èrq rwK idwqI ik jIAUË lok pYilsqfeIn ƒ mukMml qOr qy jIAUË styt nf bxfAux.

          AuDr rUsIaF ny jIAUË dI ihËrq qy bYn lf idwqf.

          1925 ivwc polYNz qoN ijAUË lokF ny pYilsqfeIn vwl ƒ cfly pf idwqy. iewk aMkiVaF anusfr iqMn sflF ivwc 60 hËfr poilÈ ijAUË ny pYilsqfeIn ƒ afpxf Gr bxf ilaf. afiKr 1939 ivwc eIstrn XOrpIan, jrmnI aqy sYNtrl XOrp coN 2 lwK 25 hËfr jIAUË ihËrq krky pYilsqfeIn ivwc puwj gey. ieh nfËI dy ËulmF dy zroN afey sn.

          1933 ƒ azOlP ihtlr jrmnI df muwKI bx igaf. Auh jIAUË ƒ afpxI smwisaf smJdf sI.  1939 ivwc ihtlr ny polYNz qy kbËf kr ilaf.

          arbF dy nfËIaF nfl sbMD kfiem ho jfx dy zroN PrFs ny 1936 ivwc sIrIaf aqy lYbnfn ƒ afËfd kr idwqf. ies qrF lMmf smF ibRitÈ hfkm pfvr brokr bx ky jIAUË aqy arbF drimafn iKwcVI pkfAuNdy rhy.

          1939 ivwc ibRitÈ hkUmq ny iewk hor vfeIt pypr jfrI kr idwqf ijs ivwc afAux vfly 5 sflF ivwc 75000 hor jIAUË ƒ pYilsqfeIn ivwc pRvyÈ krn dI iejfËq idwqI geI ik ies qoN bfad hor ihËrq dI afigaf nhIN hovygI.

          1939 ivwc hI dUsrI sMsfr jMg lwg geI. arb, ihtlr dy pwK qy KVy ho gey aqy jIAUË, ibRitÈ dy hwk ivwc cly gey. ''dUsrI sMsfr jMg” 1941 ivwc ihtlr ny sovIaq XUnIan qy kbËf kr ilaf. ies vyly ihtlr ny jIAUË smwisaf dy ''afKrI hwl” The Final Solution df PYslf kr ilaf. kuwJ ieiqhfskfrF df ies gwl Aupr vKryvF hY ik ihtlr ny kdoN ''afKrI hwl” (The Final Solution) df PYslf kIqf sI. afKrI hwl iehI sI ik sfry jF bhumq jIAUË ƒ mfr idwqf jfvy. vwK vwK nMbr pRkfÈq ho cuwky hn pr pRcwlq aMkiVaF anusfr pihly hwly ihtlr dy ''afKrI hwl” pRogRfm aDIn imltrI ny 15 lwK lokF ƒ mOq dy Gft Auqfr idwqf. 13 lwK lokF ƒ iewk vwKry sQfn qy mfiraf igaf ijmnF ivcoN 10 lwK lokF ƒ gYs cYNbr ivwc bMd krky Kqm kIqf igaf. mrn vfilaF ivwc bhumq jIAUË lokF dI sI pr AunHF ivwc kYQlk, smilMgI-kfmI, jIhovf ivtns aqy kOminst afid lok vI Èfml sn. vwzI pwDr qy mfry gey lokF ivwc jIAUË, hYNzIkYp aqy ijpsI lok Èfml sn.

          AuDr sMsfr jMg smfpq ho jfx qy bfad jIAUË ny ibRitÈ dy vfeIt pypr vflI Èrq swcI smJI, pr ibRitÈ ny kFtf bdl ilaf aqy jIAUË ƒ ihËrq krn qy pfbMdI lf idwqI. PlsrUp arbF, jIAUË aqy ibRitÈ POËF ivwc ihMsf df dOr cwl ilaf.

          ijs ƒ BFpidaF 1947 ivwc ibRitÈ hkUmq ny jIAUË aqy arbF df mfml XU[aYn[E[ dy hvfly kr idwqf. 1947 ivwc hI XU[aYn[E[ ny votF pf ky pYilsqfeIn ivcfly lkIr iKwc idwqI ik iewk arb pYilsqfeIn aqy dUsrf jIEUË pYilsqfeIn hovygf.

          jIAUË ny XU[aYn[ df PYslf pRvfn kr ilaf pr arb ny ies PYsly ƒ pwCmI smfrfj df iewk hor kfrnfmf kih ky Tukrf idwqf sI.

          XU[aYn[ E[ dy PYsly qoN bfad iKwqy ivwc ihMsf BVk AuWTI. amrIkf ƒ qklIP hoeI, ibRitn XU[aYn[E[ dy PYsly qoN kMnI kqrfAux lwgf.

          mfrc 1948 ƒ jIAUË lokF dy afgU ibn gurIEn ny XU[aYn[E[ ƒ dws idwqf ik kMm clfAU ieËrfielI srkfr sQfpq kr idwqI geI hY. 

          meI 14 1948 ƒ ieËrfiel dI afËfdI df aYlfn kr idwqf igaf ik sMsfr dy iksy vI kony coN agr koeI jIAU ieËrfiel ivwc afAuxf cfhuMdf hY qF drvfËy Kuwly hn. ieËrfielI nfgirkqf hr iewk ƒ imlygI BfvYN iksy Drm, nsl jF ilMg df hovy. amrIkf ny ieËrfiel ƒ mfnqf dy idwqI.

          jIAUË ny afpxI guafcI afËfdI lMmy sMGrÈ qoN bfad hfisl kIqI hY. 1517 qoN 1897 qwk qF ieh iKwqf afËfdI bfry socxXog vI nhIN sI pr jdoN 1897 ivwc afËfd hox dI gwl cwlI qF lgBg 50 sflF ivwc ieËrfiel dunIaF dy nkÈy qy af igaf.

          dunIaF qy vfprI ies ieiqhfsk Gtnf dI rOÈnI ivwc agr vyiKaf jfvy qF iswK kOm df rfj 21 PrvrI 1849 ƒ goiraF ny dUsrI aYNglo-iswK jMg ivwc ijwq hfisl krky Koh ilaf sI jdoN ik Bfrq ƒ goiraf ny aTfrvIN sdI ivwc hI kbËy ivwc kIqf hoieaf sI. 1849-1947 qwk iswK ibRitÈ rfj hyT rhy aqy 1947 ivwc iswKF ƒ DoKy nfl ihMd srkfr ny afpxy nfl imlf ilaf. ieh Kuwisaf rfj iewk idn iswK kOm kol vfips afAuxf hI afAuxf hY. 1940-41 drimafn ihtlr ny jIAUË Aupr qÈdwd kIqf qF ieËrfiel hoNd ivwc af igaf. 1984 ivwc ihMd srkfr ny iswKF Aupr Ëulm kIqf hY, inrsMdyh ihMd srkfr dI ipwT BUmI ivwc qbdIlI afvygI.

          jIAUË df pihlf iekwT 1897 ivwc hoieaf ijQy afËfd jIAUË styt df pRsqfv pfs kIqf igaf aqy iswKF df pihlf iekwT 26 jnvrI 1986 ƒ hoieaf ijQy Kfilsqfn df pRsqfv pfs kIqf igaf sI. ihtlr ny jIAUË ƒ Kqm krn leI ''afKrI hwl” nfmI Xojnf iqafr kIqI sI aqy ieMdrf gFDI ny iswKF df nfmo inÈfn Kqm krn leI ''apryÈn nIlf qfrf”Xojnf bxfeI. dohF iDrF ny afpo afpxIaF XojnfvF qy aml kIqf. ihtlr vloN kIqy kfrnfmy qoN bfad sMsfr dy nkÈy ivwc qbdIlI afeI sI. ieMdrf dy kfrnfmy qoN bfad dunIaF dy nkÈy qy avwÈ qbdIlI afvygI,  ijsdf muwK kfrx sRI drbfr sfihb Aupr Bfrq srkfr vloN kIqf hmlf hI bxygf..

ieiqhfs afpxy afp ƒ jrUr duhrfAuNdf hY.