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jUn 13, 2005, ipClIaF sfrIaF KbrF
not: lMzn dI hfeIz pfrk aqy hYimltn kYnyzf ivwc hoey sLhIdI smfgmF dI irport ieQy jldI pRkfsLq kIqI jfvygI EntyrIE isK aqy gurduafrf kfAUNsl dI kmytI dI srbsMmqI nfl cox
torFto (prvfsI ibAUro) EntyrIE isK aqy gurduafrf kfAUNsl dI mIitMg sincrvfr 11 jUn nUM, isK hYrItyj sYNtr (eyarport roz aqYN myaPIlz roz) brYNptn, ivKy sLfm iqMn qoN pMj vjy drimafn hoeI, ijs ivc ies sMsQf dI nvIN kmytI dI srbsMmqI nfl cox kIqI geI. vrnxXog hY ik EntyrIE isK aqy gurduafrf kfAUNsl, EntyrIE dy isKF aqy gurduafrf sfihbfnF dI numfieMdgI krn vflI isrmOr sMsQf hY, jo hr sfl torFto zfAUn tfAUn ivKy Kflsy df pRkfsL idhfVf mnfAUNdI hY. ipCly sfl ies sMsQf ny sunfmI irlIPL PMz ivc bhuq vwzf Xogdfn pf ky sMsfr Br dy ivc isKF df nF rOsLn kIqf sI. ies sMsQf dy hor mhqvpUrx kMmF ivwc smyN smyN isr PUz bYNk zrfeIv ivc Bojn dfn krnf aqy loVvMdF leI srbq dy Bly nUM muK
rKdy hoieaF gurU gRMQ sfihb jI dy pRkfsL idhfVy `qy BfrI igxqI ivc torFto zfAUntfAUn aqy imsIsfgf ivc loVvMdF leI kpiVaF qy kMblF dI syvf krnI sLfml hY. aqy ies sfl Kflsf dy sfjnf idvs mOky iek imsfl kfiem kIqI ijs ivc kYnyzf dy pRDfn mMqrI pfl mfritn qoN lY ky iqMnF hI pRmuwK rfjnIqk pfrtIaF dy lIzr ngr kIrqn ivc sLfml hoey, ijhnF ny afpxy BfsLnF ivc kYnyzf dI qrwkI ivc isKF dy pfey Xogdfn nUM BrpUr slfihaf. iesy sMsQf ny ipCly sfl gurU gRMQ sfihb dy 400 sflf pRkfsL idvs nUM torFto dy sB qoN vwzy kMnvYnsLn sYNtr ivc ivlwKxqf nfl mnf ky ieiqhfsk imsfl kfiem kIqI. ies smfgm ivc hryk kimAuntI dy Dfrimk aqy rfjnIiqk afgUaF nUM swidaf igaf sI, ijQy ik AunHF nUM isK ivdvfnF ny gurU gRMQ sfihb dI isiKaf rOsLnI pfeI. ijQy ieh kmytI gurUGrF dI syvf sMBfl df kMm krdI hY EQy kimAuintI dI Dfrimk qy sLosLl kMmF ivc vD cVH ky numfieMdgI vI krdI hY. ies nvIN kmytI dy ahudydfrF dy sbMDq gurduafrf sfihbfn smyq nfm ies pRkfr hn: cyarmYn-hrbMs isMG jMzflI (izksI gurUGr), vfeIs cyarmYn-jrnYl isMG sLokr (gurduafrf brYNtPorz), sYktrI-hrBjn isMG (gurduafrf himltn), shfiek skwqr-siqpfl kOr bMgf, KjfncI-mMgq isMG sYNhbI (irvflzf roz gurUGr), shfiek KjfncI-ajIq isMG bfvf (gurduafrf isK hYrItyj sYNtr), zfierYktr-primMdr isMG (XUQ), mnjIq isMG prmfr, surjIq isMG mfhl, gurjMt isMG, syvk isMG mfxk. koafp mYNbr-lKivMdr isMG, kulqfr isMG, pRIqm isMG iZloN, nCqr isMG cOhfn, suirMdr isMG, hrbMs isMG kfhloN. ieh sfrI cox pRikRaf cox kimsLnr sLyrdljIq isMG iZwloN aqy AunFH dy sihXogIaF dI dyK dyK aDIn nypry cfVI geI.
vrlz iswK rfeItrjL kfnPLrMs XU[ky[ vwloN kOmFqrI sQfpnf idvs aqy ivsLfl kvI drbfr ibRimMGm - bIbI blivMdr kOr jMzU mIq skwqr sUcnf dyNdy hn ik idn vrlz iswK rfeItrjL kfnPLrMs df sQfpxf idvs dy mOky `qy aYqvfr 26 jUn 2005 dy idn ibRimMGm (ieMglYNz) ivKy bfad dupihr 3[30 vjy iek sLfndfr smfgm kIqf jfvygf . ies ivc vrlz iswK rfeItrjL kfnPLrMs dy keI dysF dy lyKk qy afgU sLfiml hovgy ijnHF ivc kOmFqrI pRDfn zfktr hrijMdr isMG idlgIr, bYljIam dy cyarmYn sR[ surjIq isMG CdOVI, hflYNz dy pRDfn s[ BuipMdr isMG, zYnmfrk dy sR[ subyg isMG, ieMglYNz dy pRDfn s[ surjIq isMG kflVf, XUrp jLon dI ivwmn knvInr bIbI dlbIr kOr vulvrhYNptn, jrmn dy cyarmYn s[ bsMq isMG rfmUMvflIaf, afstrylIaf dy pRDfn sR[ gurmIq isMG qy keI horF dI mnjLUrI af cukI hY . ies mOky qy mhfn ivdvfnF df ivsLysL snmfn vI kIqf jfvygf, do ikqfbF rlIjL kIqIaF jfxgIaF qy iek ivsLfl kvI drbfr vI kIqf jfvygf . ies mOky qy isMG brdrjL pbilsLrjL aMimRqsr aqy ibRimMGm dy zI[tI[aYPL[ buks vfly sR hrjIq isMG syv, iswK imsLnrI sosfietI sfAUQfl qy gurmiq imsLnrI sosfietI gryvjLYNz vfly vI Aucycy qOr `qy isLrkq krngy . ies kvI drbfr ivc hyT ilKy kvI ihwsf lYxgy: sR[ avqfr isMG arpx, sR[ surjIq isMG kflVf, sR[ qyjf isMG qyj kotlyvflf, s[ hrBjn isMG jrmnI, s[ gurdyv isMG mTfrU, ig[ gurbKLsL isMG ‘bfgLI’, ig[ crnjIq isMG, ig[ rxjIq isMG, ig[ rxjIq isMG ‘sohl’, sR[ bilhfr isMG rMDfvf, s[ rxjIq isMG ‘rfxf’, sR[ pRkfsL isMG ‘afjLfd’, sR[ jspfl isMG JIqf, bIbI dlbIr kOr vulvrhYMptn, bIbI blivMdr kOr, sR[ gurcrn isMG loty, sR[ qrlocn isMG cMn, zfktr munIr kurYsLI, sR[ mohx isMG bMzflvI, sR[ nirMdr isMG dusFJ, sR[ sucf isMG (pMjfb df msLhUr zRfmfitst), sR[ qfrf isMG ‘qfrf’, sR hrBjn isMG ivrk, s[ ajmyr isMG kfvYNtrI, sR[ sohx isMG rfxU, sR[ suiMrdr isMG atvfl, iemrfn iBMzr, hrIsL mlhoqrf, jogf isMG svflI nOitMGm aqy sR[ srvx isMG Brq, pRkfsL isMG ajLfd, dljIq isMG Au¬pl, igafnI mKn isMG, s[ suirMdr isMG atvfl, AumrjIq isMG nfgI, s[ hrjIq isMG igafnI ilvrpUl, s[ surjIq isMG pRBfkr, suirMdr cihl KyVI qy keI hor afpxf klfm pysL krngy . ies mOky qy iksy iek mhfn pMQk ilKfrI nUM lfeIPL-tfeIm aYvfrz nfl snmfnq kIqf jfvygf . snmfn ivc iek sMudr golz mYzl qy iek sfeItysLn vI ByNt kIqf jfvygI . ies qoN ielfvf XU[ky[ ivc iswK sfihb aqy pqrkfrI ivc aihm rol adf krn vfly kuJ pqrkfrF, ryzIE kMm iparF aqy sfihqkfrF df snmfn vI kIqf jfvygf . ieh rsm ivc sLfiml hox vfsqy sR[ gurdyv isMG cOhfn (pRDfn, isLromxI akflI dl XU[ky[), zf arjn ikRpfl isMG aOjlf (pRoPLYsr afPL iswKiejLm), sR[ rxjIq isMG zyryvfl (pRDfn Bft iswK sMgq), sR[ rxjIq isMG vfhIvfl, sR[ gurcrn isMG (kfAuNslr), sR[ jfgIr isMG hmdrd (knvInr XUrp), sR[ ajIq isMG bydI sfAUQfl, sR[ dl isMG ZysI (iswK kimAUintI XUQ srivs), lfrz qrsym isMG ikMg, kONslr gurdyv isMG mxkU, bIbI gurdyv kOr (sLRomxI sfihqkfr), sR ihMmq isMG sohI (sfAUQfl), sR[ amrjIq isMG gryvfl (sfAUQfl), s[ rivMdr isMG puafr (smYidk), s[ kysr isMG mMz (sfAUQfl), sR[ avqfr isMG Kflsf, sR[ qrsym isMG Cokr kfvYNtrI, sR[ jsbIr isMG hyajL (jy[aYs[ivMzojL), sR[ guridafl isMG rfey (ilKfrI zft km), sR[ gurbKLsL isMG ivrk (dys pRdys), sR[ rijMdr isMG puryvfl (pMjfb tfeImjL), s[ guridafl isMG atvfl, s[ jspfl isMG bYNs (iswK tfeImjL), sR[ hrijdr isMG mMzyr (pMjfb tfeImjL), zf[ gurdIp isMG jgbIr (ryzIE pMjfb), sR[ mnpRIq isMG bwDnI klF (bwDnI zft km), s[ moqf isMG srfey (lFbVf swQ), ipRMsIpl suijMdr isMG sMGf, s[ isLvcrn isMG igwl, s[ dlbIr isMG sumn (ajIq vIklI), rfm dfs cfhl, sR[ Drm isMG sUjoN, BfeI mdn isMG, s[ mlkIaq isMG gryvfl, s[ bicqr isMG sfAUQfl, sR[ gurmyj isMG igwl, sR syvf isMG lwlHI, s[ mnmohx isMG Kflsf, sR[ jsvMq isMG Tykydfr, jQydfr hrmyl isMG idlbr ZfzI, s[ hrBjn isMG drdI qy bhuq sfrIaF hor aihm sLKLsIaqF nUM ivsLysL qOr qy swdf idqf igaf hY .
hvfrf nUM pnfh dyx vfly 2 kfbU, aslf brfmd KMnf:- puils ijlHf KMnf dI puils nUM Aus smyN vwzI sPlqf imlI jdoN iek puils pfrtI ijs dI agvfeI ieMspYktr gurmIq isMG aqy sb ieMspYktr blivMdr isMG aYs[aYc[E mfCIvfVf kr rhy sn ny iek nfkfbMdI dOrfn bwbr Kflsf ieMtrnYsLnl KfVkU jQybMdI dy KuMKfr awqvfdI jgqfr isMG hvfrf dy do pnfhgfrF nUM igRPqfr krky aslf aqy golI iswkf brfmd kIqf hY| jgqfr isMG hvfrf sfl 2004 ivc afpxy sfQIaF smyq buVYl jylH cMzIgVH ‘coN Prfr ho igaf sI| hux qwk ieh smiJaf jFdf sI ik Auh pfiksqfn jf cuwkf hY pr Ausny Bfrq srkfr dy ivruwD jyhfd jfrI rwKx dI nIaq nfl pMjfb aMdr hI pnfhgfrF bxf leIaF sns ijQy rih ky Auh dysL ivroDI gqIivDIaF ‘c msLrUP sI| bIqy idnIN jgqfr isMG hvfrf nUM idwlI puils ny dboc ilaf ijs dIaF qsvIrF aKbfrF ‘c CpIaF dyK iek Kfs muKbr ny ieMspYktr guirMdrpfl isMG nUM ieh sUcnf idwqI ik hvfrf smrfly ivKy rihMdIaF do BYxF kuldIp kOr aqy hrdIp kOr dy Gr rihMdf irhf hY aqy ieh dovyN BYxf Aus dI irhfiesL, Kfx-pIx df pRbMD krdIaF rhIaF hn aqy Ausdf aslf vI sFBdIaF rhIaF hn| ies sUcnf dy afDfr qy puils ny Aukq BYxF ivruwD Dfrf 212,216 dy aDIn Qfxf smrflf ivKy mfmlf drj krky AunHF dI Bfl ‘c keI QfvF qy CfpymfrI kIqI pr Auh GroN Prfr imlIaF|
sRomxI kmytI dy 12 mYNbrF vwloN klwkqf dy ibafn df iqwKf pRqIkrm aMimRqsr :- sRomxI kmytI dI pRDfn bIbI jfgIr kOr vwloN 6 jUn nUM sRI akfl qKq sfihb ivKy hoey smfgm dOrfn vfprIaF GtnfvF dy sbMD ivc srkfr nMU kfnUMnI kfrvfeI krn leI kihx dy mfmly ny hux afpsI sLbdI jMg df rUp Dfrn kr ilaf| sROmxI kmytI dI Aukq kfrvfeI dy ros vjoN sROmxI kmytI mYNBr qy sInIar akflI afgU s[ mnjIq isMG klwkqf vwloN bIbI jfgIr kOr nUM ilKI geI 4 siPaF dI KuwlHI icwTI qoN bfad awj ieQy sRomxI kmytI ny sRomxI akflI dl dy pRDfn s[ pRkfsL isMG bfdl koloN mMg kIqI hY ik Auh s[ klwkqf dy iKlfP anusLfsLnI kfrvfeI krn| ienHF mYNbrF ny sRI akfl qKq sfihb dy jQydfr qoN vI s[ klwkqf iKlfP anusLfsLnI kfrvfeI krn dI mMg kIqI| ies mfmly ivc sROmxI akflI dl dy aMdr surU hoeI afpsI iKwcoqfx dy ies pihly dOr ivc bIbI jfgIr kOr smrWQk sRomxI kmytI dy 12 mYNbrF ny s[ klwkqf dy iKlfP ibafn jfrI kIqf hY| ies sFJy ibafn ivc s[ amrIk isMG sLfhpur, s[ nvqyj isMG kfAuxI, s[ suirMdr isMG Tykydfr, s[ amrIk isMG ivCoaf, s[ kuldIp isMG cwk, s[ bldyv isMG cUMGf, s[ srUp isMG isbIaf, s[ idafl isMG koilaf vflI, s[ ciqMn isMG smfE[ s[ sqpfl isMG qlvMzI BfeI s[ drsLn isMG sLyr KF, s[ guirMdrpfl isMG BftIaf qy bIbI Bjn kOr zogrFvflf ny ikhf ik s[ klwkqf dy ies ibafn nUM pVH ky sRomxI kmytI dy bhuq vwzI igxqI mYNbrF ivc guwsy dI iek lihrdOV geI hY| AunHF dosL lfieaf ik s[ klwkqf Aus smyN qF cuwp rhy jdoN sfbkf muwK mMqrI qy akflI dl dy pRDfn s[ bfdl ivruwD pMjfb srkfr ny iek JUTf kys drj kIqf sI| Auh Aus smyN vI cuwp rhy jdoN s[ mfn bIbI jfgIr kOr qy s[ bfdl dy puwqly sfVdy rhy| hux jdoN 6 jUn nUM sRI akfl qKq sfihb ivKy nMgIaF ikRpfnf lihrF ky burCfgrdI qy burCfgrdI qy BVkfAU nfarybfjI krn vfilaF, ijnHF ny swcKMz sRI hirmMdr sfihb qysRI akfl qKq sfihb dI mfx-mirafdf df vI sLryafm Gfx kIqf, ivruwD kys drj ho igaf hY qF s[ klwkqf ibafnF rfhIN ieh huwlVbfjLI krn vfilaF dy hwk ivc zwt ky ibafn dy rhy hn| ies nfl AunHF df aKoqI pMQk ichrf nMgf ho igaf hY| AunHF ny ikhf ik s[ klwkqf ny kuJ kihxf hI sI, qF bIbI jfgIr kOr nUM iml ky kih idMdy jF s[ bfdl nUM dws idMdy| aKbfrF ivc aijhf ibafn anusLfsLn dI iswDI AulMGxf hY, ies leI AunHF ivruwD anusLfsLnUI kfrvfeI hoxI cfhIdI hY| Aukq mYNbrF ny ikhf ik s[ klwkqf afpxy mn ivcoN iek isrmOr iswK ivdvfn hox df Brm kwZ dyx|
klwkqf qy mfn ivcfly gupq mulfkfq ? aMimRqsr :- sfkf nIlf qfrf dy sbMD ivc 6 jUn nUM sRI akfl sfihb ivKy vfprI GtnfvF qoN bfad akflI sPF ivc cl rhI hlcl dOrfn awj Aus vyly iek hor aihm Gtnf ienHF GtnfvF ivc juV geIjd sRomxI akflI dl dy sInIar afgU s[ mnjIq isMG klwkqf ivcfly iek bMd kmrf mIitMg hoeI, ijs ivc dovF afgUaF ny mojUdf pRsiQqIaF bfry ivcfr vtFdrf kIqf| mOjUdf pRsiQqIaF ivc jd sROmxI kmytI dI pRDfn bIbI jfgIr kOr aqy s[ mnjIq isMG ivcfly ‘sb awCf nhIN hY’ dI siQqI smyN s[ klwkqf dI s[ mfn nfl mulfkfq iek aihm Gtnf hY| ieQy dwsxXog hY ik bIbI jfgIr kOr vwloN srkfr nUM kIqI geI apIl qoN bfad 6 jUn dI Gtnf dy sbMD ivc srkfr vwloN s[ ismrnjIq isMG mfn smyq krIb 22 ivakqIaF dy iKlfP ieQy puils kys drj kIqf igaf hY, s[ mfn dy iKlfP aMimRqsr qoN ielfvf afnMdpur sfihb, qlvMzI sfbo ivKy puils vwloN kys drj kIqy gey hn| s[ mfn jo kwl dmdmI tksfl dy cOk mihqf siQq hox leI ieQy afey hoey hn, vwloN awj rfq ieQy s[ mnjIq isMG klwkqf dy gRih ivKy AunHF nfl mulfkfq kIqI| dovF afgUaF ivcfly krIb do GMty bMd kmrf mulfkfq hoeI| ies mulfkfq ivc dovF afgUaF ivcfly kI ivcfr vtFdrf hoieaf ? ies bfry BfvyN spwsLt vyrvy nhIN imly hn, pr pRfpq jfxkfrI anusfr dovF afgUaF ny mOjUdf siQqI bfry crcf kIqI hY| s[ klwkqf ny s[ mfn nfl hoeI mulfkfq qoN ienkfr kridaF ikhf ik AunHF dI mulfkfq nhIN hoeI, sgoN tYlIPon jrUr afieaf hY| AunHF dwisaf ik s[ mfn ny ies gwlbfq dOrfn AunHF df DMnvfd kIqf ik AunHF(s[ klwkqf) ny bIbI jfgIr kOr dI kfrvfeI df ivroD kIqf hY, pr s[ klwkqf ny ikhf ik AunHF iswK isDFq qoVn df ivroD kIqf hY nf ik iksy ivakqI ivsLysL df| AunHF ikhf ik isDFqF dI rfKI leI sRomxI akflI dl hmysLf hI jdoN jihd krdf irhf hY| Auh ies hwk ivc kdy nhIN ho skdy ik puils swcKMz sRI hirmMdr sfihb ivc dfKl hoey jF iPr srkfr iswK mfmilaF ivc dKlaMdfjLI kry| s[ klwkqf ny dwisaf ik AunFH ieh vI spwsLt kIqf ik Auh sRomxI akflI dl dy nfl KVHy hn| AunHF ies gwlbfq nUM afm gwlbfq dwisaf| pr dUjy pfsy BrosyXogs sUqrF qoN imlI jfxkfrI muqfbk ies mulfkfq ivc dovF afgUaF ny keI aihm mfmilaF qy gwlbfq kIqI|
iBMzrFvfly dy puwqly sfVn dy pRogrfm qy PiqhgVH sfihb ‘c qxfa PiqhgVH sfihb :- awj isLv sYnf vwloN sLhId sMq jrnYl isMG iBMzrFvfly dy puqly sfVn dy pRogrfm mOky AudoN siQqI qxfapUrn ho geI, jdoN ies gwl dI iBxk pYNdy hI gurduafrf PiqhgVH sfihb dy afly duafly vwK vwK QfvF qy ies dI pUrI ingrfnI krn leI svyry qoN hI vwK vwK tolIaF bxf ky sRomxI akflI dl(a) dy afgUaF aqy vrkrF ny GuMmxf surU kr idwqf aqy ies mOky koeI axsuKfvIN Gtnf vfprn dy mwdynjLr pulIs ny vwK vwK rsiqaF qy bYrIkyz lwgf ky gurduafrf PiqhgVH sfihb vwl nUM afAux jfx vfly vfhnF dI cYikMg surU kr idwqI| vrnxXog hY ik 9 jUn nUM isLv sYnf dy ijlHf pRDfn hrpRIq isMG lflI dI pRDfngI hyT hoeI iek aihm mIitMg ijs ivc isLv sYnf ihMdusqfn dy mIq pRDfn vYd amrjIq sLrmf dy sLfml hox ijLkr hY, dI kfrvfeI afpxy dsqKqF hyT jfrI krky ikhf swI ik sfkf nIlf qfrf dOrfn hoeI kfrvfeI ivc sMq jrnYl isMG iBMzrFvfly aqy Ausdy sfQIaF dI hoeI mOq nUM sLhIdF dy qOr qy bdlx df gMBIr noits lYNidaF ikhf ik ies dy nfl pMjfb aMdr iPr qoN awqvfd pYdf ho skdf hY| ies nUM isLv sYnf kdy brdfsLq nhIN krygI| ijhVy sLhIdF ny Bfrq afjLfd krfieaf aqy PFsIaF ‘qy cVHy AunHF sLhIdF df idhfVf DUmDfm nfl ikAuN nhIN mnfieaf jFdf| awqvfdIaF dI mOq dy idhfVy hr ijlHy ‘c mnfAuNdy hn aqy kuJ jQybMdIaF aijhf krky muV awqvfd aqy vwKvfd pYdf krn df Xqn kr rhIaF hn|
ijnHF dmdmI tksfl nUM isKrF qy phuMcx ‘c aihm BUimkf inBfeI reIaF :- dsm ipqf gurU goibMd isMG jI ny afnMdpur sfihb ivKy gurbfxI dyu suwD Aucfrn leI BfeI mnI isMG aqy bfbf dIp isMG dI ijMmyvfrI lfeI sI| BfeI mnI isMG nUM arbF dI tksfl clfAux vfsqy sRI aMimRqsr aqy bfbf dIp isMG nUM tksfl dmdmf sfihb clfAux df hukm idwqf sI| ieh dovyN tksflF bRhm igafnI mhFpurKF duafrf cldIaF af rhIaF hn| bfbf dIp isMG ny dmdmf sfihb ny sfbokI qlvMzI phuMc ky BfeI mnI isMG koloN gurbfxI ilKf ky 1704 eI[ ivc sRI gurU gRMQ sfihb df srUp iqafr krvfieaf aqy dsm ipqf dI afigaf lYky dmdmf sfihb ivKy gurbfxI df suwD pfT, gurbfxI dI ivafiKaf qy gurduafiraF dI sMBfl df kMm afrMB kIqf sI| dmdmI tksfl dy pihly muKI bfbf dIp isMG df jnm 1682 eI[ nUM phuivMz aMimRqsr ivc hoieaf sI| dmdmI tksfl dy dUsry muwKI bfbf gurbKsL isMG sLhId df jnm 1745 ibkrmI BfeI dguMDf isMG dy Gr ipMz lHfl (nyVy Kymkrn) aMimRqsr hoieaf| 1522 eI[ ibRkrmI nUM abdflI ivruwD lVidaF sLhfdq idwqI| qIsry muwKI igafnI sUrq isMG df jnm ipMz cMnXot ijlHf JMg(pfiksqfn) ivc hoieaf| Auh aMimRqsr af ky kQf pRvfh clfAyuNdy sn| BfeI gurdfs isMG dmdmI tksfl dy coQy muKI hoey ijnHF df jnm 1825 ibkrmI nUM hoieaf| Auh BfeI sUrq isMG dy vwzy spwuqr sn| pMjvyN muwKI igafnI sMq isMG hoey jo BfeI sUrq isMG dy Coty spuwqr sn aqy BfeI gurdfs dy Coty Brf sn| afp 1889 nUM swcKMz uibrfj gey| AunHF qoN CyvyN muwKI sMq dXf isMG bxy| swqvyN muKI igafnI Bgvfn isMG ny aMimRqsr rih ky swYNkVy kwQfvfck pRcfrk aqy afKMzpfTI bxfey| awTvyN muKI bfbf hrnfm isMG bydI, novyN muKI sMq bfbf ibsLn isMG murfry vfly sn ijnHF df jnm 1909 ibkrmI nUM ipMz boihQ qihsIl KfrIaF, ijlHf gujrfq pfiksqfn ivKy sihjDfrI iswK aroV vMsLI ipqf lfl dyv aqy mfqf rqnF dI kuwKo hoieaf| Auh 53 sfl Aumr Bog ky swcKMz jf ibrfjy| igafrvyN muKI sMq bfbf suMdr isMG iBMzrFvfly df jnm 1833 eI[ nUM ipMz iBMzr klF bfbf KjLfn isMG dy Gr mfqf mihqfb kOr dI kuwKoN hoieaf jo 15 PrvrI 1930nUM guurU Gr jf ibrfjy| bfrvyN muKI sMq igafnI gurbcn isMG Kflsf iBMzrFvfly df jnm 12 PrvrI 1902 nUM hoieaf aqy 28 jUn 1969 nUM swcKMz jf ibrfjy| 40 sfl inrol Dfrimk pRcfr kIqf| qyrvyN muKI sMq krqfr isMG Kflsf iBMzrFvfly df jnm 1932 eI nUM BUry kony qihsIl ksUr ijlHf lfhor aMimRqsr hoieaf| 16 agsq 1977 nUM swcKMz jf ibrfjy| 8 sfl dmdlI tksfl dy muKI vjoN gurmiq pRcfr kIqf| codvyN muKI sMq jrnYl isMG iBMzrFvfly df jnm 1947 eI[ ipMz rozy PrIdkot hoieaf| Auh 1977 qoN 6 jUn 1984 eI[ qwk muKI rhy| dUr durfzy invykly ZMg nfl iswKI df pRcfr kIqf| pMdrvyN muKI bfbf Tfkr isMG df jnm 1915eI[ ivc ipMz eIcoigwl lfhOr (pfiksqfn) bfbf bhfdr isMG aqy mfqf pRym kOr dy Gr hoieaf| AunHF 6 jUn 1984 qoN 2005 qwk tksfl dy muKI vjoN syvf kIqI| tksfl dy solvyN muKI bfbf hrnfm isMG Kflsf bxy| dmdmf sfihb qoN 1704 qoN sQfpq dmdmI tksfl inrMqr cldI af rhI hY ijs df muwK hYzwkuafrtr gurdrsLn pRkfs mihqfn bxfieaf igaf hY| dmdmI tksfl purfqn jQybMdI awj vI iswKI dy pRcfr ivc sB qoN mohrlI kqfr ivc hY|
kYnyzIan iswK nOjvfn ny mfrkuwt dI Gtnf nUM mnGVq dwisaf Etfvf :- vYnkUvr ielfky ivc iek 17 sflf BfrqI kYnyzfeI iswK nfl mfkkuwt aqy apmfnjnk ivhfr nUM lY ky pYdf hoey qxfa df Aus smyN aMq ho igaf jdoN ies iswK ny kbUl kr ilaf ik Aus nfl aijhI Gtnf nhIN hoeI sI| iswK ny mnGVq khfxI bxfAux leI muafPI mMgI hY| ies nojvfn ny puils aqy afpxy pirvfr vfilaF nUM dwisaf ik ies Kbr nUM swc sfbq krn leI Aus ny Kud nUM jLKmI kr ilaf sI aqy afpxy vfl kwt ley sn| Ausny afpxy ibafn ivc ikhf hY ik Aus nUM ies df aMdfjLf nhIN sI ik ieh Gtnf ieMnf vwzf muwdf bx jfvygI, jo kuJ vI hoieaf Aus leI Auh muafPI mMgdf hY| Aus ny afpxy pirvfr vfilaF, dosqF, puils aqy kYnyzfeI smfj koloN ies glqI leI muafPI mMgI hY| ies nojvfn ny ieh vI ikhf hY ik Auh ies Gtnf qoN pYdf hoey byBrosygI aqy qxfa qoN duwKI hY| Auh BwivK ivc smfijk sdBfvnf vDfAux leI kMm krygf| puils ny ies iswK nojvfn dy hlPIaf ibafn dIaF kfpIaF pRYsw ivc vMzIaF hn| ies ivc ikhf igaf hY ik Ausny afpxy jIvn dI sB qoN vwzIglqI kIqI hY| ies dy bfvjUd Ausdy pirvfr aqy puils df Aus pRqI sihXogI rvweIaf irhf| AusnUM ies Gtnf nfl cMgf rvweIaf irhf| AusnUM ies Gtnf nfl cMgf iensfn bxnf dI pRyrxf imlI hY| ies iswK nojvfn ny dosL lfieaf sI ik pMj ivakqIaF ny Aus nfl mfrkwut kIqI aqy Aus dy vfl kwt idwqy| keI iswK sMgTnF ny ies Gtnf qy sKq nfrfjLgI pRgt kIqI sI| hux iehI iswK sMgTn ies iKlfP sKq kfrvfeI dI isPfrsL kr rhy hn| kYnyzIan isMG sBf dy pRDfn joigMdr isMG iswDU ny gwlbfq dOrfn ikhf hY ik ies ivakqI nUM aPvfh AuzfAux dy jurm ivc sjLf dyxI cfhIdI hY| mYN iswK BfeIcfry dy keI lokF nfl gwlbfq kIqI hY, Auh cfhuMdy hn ik ies gYr ijMmyvfr nojvfn nUM sjLf idwqI jfvy| AunHF ikhf ik ies nfl BwivK ivc ies pRivrqI dy iswKF nUM sbk imlygf|
iswK sLrDflUaF dy jwQy df pfik ivc inwGf svfgq atfrI :- komFqrI rylvy stysLn atfrI qoN smJOqf aYkspRYsw rylgwzI sRI gurU arjn dyv jI df sLhIdI gurpurb mnfAux leI iswK sLrDflUaF df lgBg 900 mYNbrI iek ivsLysL jwQf awj dupihr pfiksqfn leI rvfnf hoieaf| pqf lwgf hY ik pfiksqfn dy komFqrI vfhgf rylvy stysLn ivKy BfrqI iswK sLrDflUaF dy jwQy df pfiksqfn iswK gurduafrf pRbMDk kmytI dy pRDfn s[msqfn isMG, Aup pRDfn ibsLn isMG, sfbkf pRDfn sLfm isMG pfiksqfn borz dy jnrl sYktrI jnfj iejLhfr Aul hsn aqy hor pfiksqfn Aucw aiDkfrIaF ny jWQy dy lIzrF dy gwl PuwlF dy hfr pf ky inwGf svfgq kIqf aqy jI afieaf afiKaf| ies qoN pihlF sRomxI gurduafrf pRbMDk kmytI dy jwQy dI agvfeI kr rhy sRomxI kmytI mYNbr rGbIr isMG ny sFJ svyrf nfl gwl kridaF ikhfik sRomxI gurduafrf pRbMDk kmytI ny 660 iswK XfqrUaF dy pfsport vIjLy lgfAux leI Byjy sn pr AunHF ivcoN 60 XfqrUaF dy nF byvjHf kwt idwqy hn| AunHF ikhf ik Bfrq srkfr nUM cfhIdf hY ik ipwCly 58 virHaF qoN ivCVy gurDfmF dy KuwlHy drsLn iddfiraF leI iswK XfqrUaF nUM pUrI KuwlH idlI nfl vIjLy idwqy jfx| idwlI iswK gurduafrf pRbMDk kmytI dy jWQy dI agvfeI kr rhy Drm pRcfr kmytI dy mYnyjr bldyv isMG ny ikhf ik Auh idwlI styt sRomxI akflI dl dy pRDfn s[ prmjIq isMG srnf dI rihnumfeI hyT pfiksqfn jf rhy hn|
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