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nvMbr 4, 2005, ipClIaF sfrIaF KbrF
bMdI CoV idvs mOky izksI gurduafry ‘c irkfrz qoV iekwT sMgq ny gurduafry ivwc mxF mUMh miTafeI ByNt kIqI, ptfky clfAuxy syvfdfrF dI isrdrI bxy
srkfrI qsLwdd df isLkfr lok ajy vI mfnisk pIVF hMZf rhy hn
bIbI jskrn kOr ny dwisaf ik AunF dI sMsQf BfeI jsvMq isMG KflVf guMmsLudgI kys aqy lfvfirs lfsLF dy kys dI aYQoN rih ky pYrvfeI kr rhy hn.
iensfP zft aOrg nfmI vYbsfeIt, iensfP sMsQf vloN clfeI jf rhI hY.
ieh sMsQf mnuwKI aiDkfrF dI rfKI aqy pMjfb aMdr mnuwKI aiDkfrF dIaF
AulMGxfvF krn vfilaF nMU iml rhI srkfrI rfhq iKlfP sMGrsL kr rhI hY.
jskrn kOr aqy suKvMq isMG ny dwisaf ik Auh afpxy kYnyzf dOry dOrfn
ijQy sMgq nMU sMsQf dy kMmkfr vfry dwsxf cfhuMdy hn AuQy AunHF qoN
ivwqI mdd dI afs vI krdy hn. AunHF dwisaf ik pYsy dI kmI kfrx asIN
keI aijhy
ieQy ieh vrnxXog hY ik bIbI jskrn kOr ny “irizAUs tU aYss” ikqfb ivwc shfiek sMpfdk dy qOr qy BUimkf inBfeI sI. aqy hfl hI ivwc TWENTY YEARS OF IMPUNITY, The November 1984 Pogroms of Sikhs in India ikqfb rIlIjL kIqI hY ijs ivwc nvMbr 1984 ivwc idwlI ivwc hoey iswKF dy kqlyafm dy ijLMmyvfrI ivakqIaF nMU srkfrI sLih qy bcfAux sbMDI dsqfvyjL pRkfsLq kIqy gey hn. bIbI jskrn kOr ies vIrvfr sLfm nMU nYsLnl bYNkuaYt hfl ivwc aqy sLincrvfr nMU kYNzl lfeIt ivjLl, brYNptn istI hfl dy gyjL pfrk ivwc afpxy ivcfr sFJy krngy. adfrf sFJ svyrf vloN smuwcy BfeIcfry nMU bynqI kIqI jFdI hY ik Auh bIbI jskrn kOr aqy sukvmq isMG DfmI dy kMm nMU vyKx, GoKx aqy ienHf dy hr pwKoN sihXogI bx ky kOm dy drd vMzfAux vflI iCVI muihMm ivwc Xogdfn pfAux.
iswK kqlyafm dI brsI mOky vwK vwK smfgm AulIky gey, trfto ivwc kYNzl lfeIt ivjLl
nvIN idwlI
:-21 sflF qoN idwlI ivwc kFgrs dy guMizaF vloN kIqy iswK kqlyafm
ivwc mfry gey lokF dI Xfd ivwc smfgm AulIky jFdy hn. ipCly sfl iswK
nOjuafnF vloN kYnyzf aqy amrIkf dy vwK vwK sLihrF ivwc kYNzl lfeIt
ivjLl kIqy gey sn ijMnF nMU sMgq vloN BrvF smrQn imilaf sI. ies sfl
vI ieh ivjLl Ausy qrF AulIky gey hn. trFto ivwc ieh ivjLl ies
sLincrvfr nMU
iesy qrHF afl ieMzIaf iswK kfnPrMs (bwbr)ny 1984 dy iswK kqlyafm dI 21vIN brsI mOky ieQy jMqr mMqr lfgy ros pRdrsLn krky kqlyafm pIVqF nUM iensfP duafAux leI bfad ivc rfsLtrpqI zf[ ey[pI[jy abduwl klfm nUM iek mYmorMzm idwqf| mujfLhrfkfrIaF nUM sMboDn kridaF kfnPrMs dy pRDfn gurcrn isMG bwbr ny ikhf ik iswK kOm nUM srkfrI eyjMsIaF qy kFgrsI nyqfvF duafrf lgfqfr slfh idwqI jf rhI hY ik Auh nvMbr 1984 kqlyafm nUM Bwul jfvy ikAuNik hux ieh gwl bhuq purfxI ho geI hY| sRI bwbr ny ienHF slfhF dyx vfly aPsrF qy kFgrsI nyqfvF nUM lMmy hwQIN lYNidaF ikhf ik kI dysL df rfsLtrpqI iek muslmfn jnfb abduwl klfm bx jfx nfl dysL df pRDfn mMqrI iek bRfhmx atl ibhfrI vfjfpeI dy bx jfx nfl muslmfn qy ihMdU rfm jnm BUmI qy bfbrI msijd Byuwl gey hn| AunHF ikhf ik jy Bwulx dI pRikiraf ivc sfry lok sLfml hox qF iswK kOm vI ies pRikiraf ivc sLfml hox df Xqn krygI| AunHF ikhf ik iswKF nUM nvMbr 1984 Buwl jfx dI iswiKaf dyx vfly jLrf afpxy igrybF ivc Jfkx| AunHF icqfvnI idwqI ik jd qwk nvMbr 1984 dy kfqlF dy iKlfP sKq kfrvfeI nhIN hovygI qd qwk inaF leI sMGrsL jfrI rhygf| r rfsLtrpqI nUM idwqy mYmorMzm ivc kfnPrMs ny AumId kIqI hY ik Auh XqIm bwicaF, ivDvfvF qy byshfrf bjurgF nUM inaF idvfAux ivc afpxI ieiqhfsk qy inrxfiek BUimkf inBfAuxgy| sRI bwbr ny iliKaf hY ik ieh eynf iBafnk kqlyafm sI, ijs dI imsfl ieiqhfs ivc kdy nhIN imldI| AunHF rfsLtrpqI nUM apIl kIqI ik Auh kyNdr srkfr nUM hdfieq krn ik ies kFz ivc sLfml nyqfvF qy aPsrF dy iKlfP kfnUMnI kfrvfeI qurMq kIqI jfvy|
brYNptn (aYc ibAuro)-ibËns aYzvfeIËrI kONsl vwloN sR[ bljIq isMG jOhl ƒ ibËns aYzvfeIËrI kONsl df afnryrI cyarmYn inXukq kIqf igaf hY. PlorIzf styt leI cuxy gey ibËns cyarmYn bljIq isMG jOhl pMjfbI BfeIcfry leI pihlF hI jfxI-pihcfxI ÈKsIaq hY, bljIq isMG jOhl ny amrIkf ivwc tYlIvIjLn rfhIN iswK BfeIcfry dI bVI syvf kIqI hY. ies kmytI dy cyarmYn dy ahudy df muwK mMqv sQfnk Coty vpfrF ƒ af rhIaF smwisafvF bfry srkfr ƒ jfxUM krvfAuxf qF jo AunHF dI afvfË srkfr qwk puj sky. ies dOrfn AunHF iswK BfeIcfry leI hr smyN smrpq rihx leI vI ikhf. bljIq isMG jOhl df ipMz mMiZafxI iËlHf luiDafxf qoN svrgI suqMqrqf sYnfnI srUp isMG dy spuwqr hn. adfrf sFJ svyrf vloN sR[ jOhl aqy AunF dy kuVm pRIvfr nMU lwK lwK vDfeI hovy.
sR[ ismnrjIq isMG mfn qy lgfeIaF ÈrqF dI inMdf sbMDI XU[ aYn[E ƒ apIl kfvYNtrI- ÈRomxI akflI dl aMimRqsr dy pRDfn aqy sfbkf mYNbr pfrlImYNt sR[ ismrnjIq isMG mfn qy hfeIkort vloN lgfeIaF srqF ihMdUqvI soc df pRgtfvf aqy BfrqI lokqMqr df jnfËf hY . ijs ƒ ajfdI psMd iswK brdfÈq nhIN kr skdy . pfrtI dy jnrl skwqr sR[ lviÈMdr isMG zwlyvfl vloN ies dI sKq inKyDI kridaF sMXukq rfÈtr ƒ apIl kIqI geI ik Auh Bfrq ivwc iswKF qy ho rhy pwKpfqI julmF DwikaF aqy dubylqf iKlfP srkfr qy dbfa pfvy . Aukq qfjf Gtnf BfrqI inaFiek pRxflI df pwKpfqI rvweIaf pRgt krdI hY ijwQy inaFiek pRxflI hI pwKpfqI hovy AuWQy dyÈ dy Gwt igxqI kOmF nfgirkF dy jIvn dI koeI surwiKaf nhIN ho skdI . ijkrXog hY ik sR[ ismrnjIq isMG mfn ƒ amrIkf dy iswKF vloN gurU nfnk dyv jI mhfrfj dy gurpurb sbMDI hox vfly smfgmF qy swidaf igaf sI pr pMjfb hirafxf hfeIkort vloN AuhnF ƒ ÈrqF sihq ivdyÈ jfx dI afigaf idwqI geI hY jo ik sR[ mfn ny apRvfn kridaF ajfd mfniskqf df pRgtfvf kIqf hY . ÈRomxI akflI dl aMimRqsr XU[ky[ vloN sR[ mfn dy Aukq stYNz dI zwt ky pRsMsf kIqI geI aqy ajfd iswK rfj leI sMGrÈ afKrI plF qwk jfrI rwKx df pRx duhrfieaf igaf . ihMdUqvI nyqf pRvIn qogVIaf agr muslmfnF dy iKlfP ibafn dyvy aqy ieQoN qwk afK dyvy ik AuhnF df supnf pfiksqfn df nfmoN inÈfn imtfAuxf hY, vfjpfeI, azvfnI aqy sudrÈn vrgy bfbrI msijd dI jgfh rfm mMdr bxfAux dy kfrnfmy krn qF AuhnF iKlfP koeI mkuwdmf ikAuN nhIN kIqf jFdf? ihMdUqvI soc dy smrQkF ƒ kMD qy iliKaf pVn leI afiKaf igaf ik ies vkq sR[ mfn hI aMqrfÈtrI pwDr dy iswK afgU hn jo dunIaF Br dI rfjnIqI dy hfxI hn . ijhnF ƒ ivdyÈF ivwc vsdy iswK qlvfrF dI CFa aqy sony dy qIrF golz mYzlF nfl snmfn idMdy hn .
ÈRomxI kmytI pRDfn qy hor ahudydfrF dI cox leI jnrl iejlfs 23 ƒ aflmgIr: ÈRomxI gurduafrf pRbMDk kmytI dy pRDfn, ahudydfrF aqy aMqirMg kmytI mYNbrF dI cox leI jnrl hfAUs dI mIitMg 23 nvMbr ƒ svyry 10 vjy qyjf isMG smuMdrI hfl aMimRqsr ivKy swdx df PYslf kIqf igaf hY. awj gurduafrf mMjI sfihb aflmgIr (luiDafxf) ivKy ÈRomxI kmytI dI aMqirMg kmytI dI mIitMg ivc bIbI jgIr kOr ny dwisaf ik ies iejlfs sbMDI ÈRomxI gurduafrf pRbMDk kmytI mYNbrF ƒ swdf-pwqr Byjy jf rhy hn. mIitMg AuprMq bIbI jgIr kOr ny dwisaf ik mIitMg ivc srbsMmqI nfl ieh vI PYslf kIqf igaf hY ik pMjfb dy ieiqhfsk vwzy gurDfmF sRI drbfr sfihb aMimRqsr, sRI kysgVH sfihb, anMdpur sfihb aqy gurduafrf sfihb PiqhgVH sfihb ivKy aMqrrfÈtrI pwDr ‘qy afDuink pYnormf bxfey jfxgy ijs ivc iswK ieiqhfs aqy iswK ivrsy sbMDI afDuink ZMg-qrIky nfl jfxkfrI idwqI jfvygI. AunHF dwisaf ik ieh pYnormf isrÌ iswK ajfieb Gr hI nhIN hoxgy blik ies ivc lokF ƒ iswK ivrfsq sbMDI vI smuwcI jfxkfrI pRdfn kIqI jfvygI. AunHF dwisaf ik ÈRomxI kmytI vwloN ies bfry iek sb-kmytI kfiem kIqI jf rhI hY ijs ivc iswK ivdvfn aqy iswK ieiqhfskfr Èfiml kIqy jfxgy. AunHF dwisaf ik mIitMg ny ÈRomxI gurduafrf pRbMDk kmytI aDIn cwl rhy kfljF dIaF 18-19 aqy 20 akqUbr ƒ KflsfeI KyzF gurU nfnk ieMjInIairMg kflj luiDafxf ivKy krfAux df PYslf kIqf hY. bIbI jgIr kOr ny dwisaf ik awj dI mIitMg ivc pfiksqfn ivc Bucfl pIVqF dI mdd leI rfhq smwgrI Byjx df PYslf kIqf igaf hY. AunHF dwisaf ik ÈRomxI kmytI ies qoN pihlF 27 akqUbr ƒ rfhq smwgrI nfl Bry 6 trwk Byj cuwkI hY. mIitMg ny iek hor mqf pfs krky ÈRomxI gurduafrf pRbMDk kmytI dy mulfËmF ƒ pihlI nvMbr qoN 4 PIsdI mihMgfeI Bwqy dI ikÈq dyx df vI PYslf kIqf hY. mIitMg ivc mYNbr s: kuldIp isMG cwk mukyrIaF dy kql dI inMdf kridaF kql dy kfrnF df pqf lgfAux leI AuWc-pwDrI pVqfl krfAux dI mMg vI kIqI geI. bIbI jgIr kOr ny dwisaf ik s: kuldIp isMG iek iemfndfr isDFqF vwloN lok-pwKI afgU sn aqy ienHF df ielfky ivc pUrf mfx-siqkfr sI. awj dI mIitMg ivc ÈRomxI kmytI dy skwqr s: idlmyG isMG, ÈRomxI kmytI mYNbr gurmyl isMG sMgovfl, hrsuirMdr isMG igwl, divMdr isMG cImf, bIbI hrbMs kOr suKfxf, aYzIÈnl skwqr rGvIr isMG, svrn isMG joÈ, hrjIq isMG pI[ ey[, joigMdr isMG, iswK imÈn hirafxf (kurUkÈyqr) dy ieMcfrj s: ikrpfl isMG cOhfn, mIq skwqr blvMq isMG pwtI, sfbkf aMqirMg kmytI mYNbr bIbI kuldIp kOr, guirMdrpfl kOr qUr, suKbIr isMG, amrjIq isMG, s: blkfr isMG ieMcfrj amlf qy gulËfr isMG rxIaf afid vI hfËr sn. iesy dOrfn kuJ coxvyN pwqrkfrF nfl gwlbfq kridaF bIbI jgIr kOr ny ikhf ik iqMn mMqrIaF vwloN ivkfs dy muwdy ‘qy bihs kYptn srkfr dy kfrjkfl dOrfn hoey ivkfs dy muwdy ‘qy nhIN blik smuwcI kfrguËfrI dy muwdy ‘qy hoxI cfhIdI hY. AunHF ikhf ik ivkfs qF ienHF kIqf nhIN blik amn aqy kfƒn dI hflq ikQoN qwk puwj geI hY ieh sfrf pMjfb dyK irhf hY. AunHF ikhf ik ieQy lokF dI jfn aqy mfl dI koeI surwiKaf nhIN hY aqy blfqkfr aqy agvf dIaF GtnfvF hr roË vfpr rhIaF hn. BirÈtfcfr sfrIaF hwdF bMny twp irhf hY. bIbI jgIr kOr ny ikhf ik bIqy idn zf: mnmohn isMG qoN jrmn BfÈf dy anuvfd vfly sRI gurU gRMQ sfihb jI df srUp sUcnf aqy pRsfrx mMqrI ny nMgy isr hI afpxI sIt ‘qy bYT ky pRfpq kIqf hY. jdik ieh srUp pUry mfx snmfn nfl pRfpq kIqf jfxf cfhIdf sI. AunHF ikhf ik Aucy ahudy ‘qy bYTy ivakqI jykr sRI gurU gRMQ sfihb jI df siqkfr hI nhIN kr skdf qF Aus qoN afm mnuwK dy siqkfr dI afs ikvyN kIqI jf skdI hY?
jWnq dy isrqfj bxy afjLfd sRIngr:gulfb nbI afjLfd ny aWj jMmU-ksLmIr dy dsvyN muWK mMqrI vjoN shuM cuWk leI| AunFH nUM afpxy ahudy dy Byq gupq rWKx dI shuM sUby dy rfjpfl lYPtInyNt jnrl aYs[ky[isnhf ny cukfeI| ies smfgm ivc kyNdrI gRih mMqrI isLvrfj pfitl, suby dy sfbkf muWK mMqrI muhMmd seIad qy zf[PfrUk aWbdUlf, kFgrs kmytI dy ieMcfrj aMibkf sonI nYsLnl kfnPrMs dy muKI Aumr aWbdulf pI[zI[pI dy muKI mihbUbf muPqI qy hor koeI AuWGIaF sLKsIaqF hfjLr sn| iPlhfl sRI gulfm nbI afjLfd jMmU ksLmIr ‘c 13 mYNbrI kulIsLn srkfr dy muKI hoxgy| ies qoN pihlF iqMn sflF qWk ies sUby ‘c pIpljL zYmokrYitk pfrtI dI agvfeI hyTlI srkfr ny kfrjkfr sMBfilaf hoieaf sI|pihlF hoey smJoqy qihq hux rfj ivc sWqf dy qbfdly nfl srkfr dI vfgzor kFgrs kol af geI hY|ies vyly sRI afjLfd jMmU -ksLmIr ivDfn sBf dy dohF ivco iksy vI sdn dy mYNbr nhI hn| AuDr pRDfn mMqrI zf[mnmohn isMG ny sRI gulfb nbI afjLfd vWlo cuxoqIpUrn ahudf sMBflx bdly AunFH nUM vDfeIaF idMidaF ikhf hY ik jMmU ksLmIr‘c BWivK dorfn AunFH vWlo kIqI jfx vflI hryk pihlkdmI leI kyNdr vwlo inrMqr sihXog imldf rhygf|sRI afjLfd nUMilKI afpxI icWTI ivc pRDfn mMqrI ny ikhf hY ik kyNdr ivc AunFH dI kmI hmysLf rVkdI rhygI pRMqU AunFH vWlo cuxoqIpUrn ahudf sMBfl lYx dI AunFH nUM zfZI KusIL vI hY|‘mYnUM XkIn hY ik qusIN jMmU -ksLmIr ivc afpxI iek aimWt Cfp dyxgy| kyNdr srkfr ivc quhfzy vWlo kIqy gey kfrj vI slfGLXog XfdgfrI rhy hn |
sRomxI gurduafrf pRbMDk kmytI dI sflfnf cox 23 nvMbr nUM cMzIgVH: isWKf dI imMnI pfrlImYNt vjoN jfxI jFdI sRomxI gurduafrf pRbMDk kmytI dI pRDfngI dI sflfnf cox 23 nvMbr nUM aMimRqsr qyjf isMG smuMdrI hfl ivc ho rhI hY|jnrl hfAUs ivc pRDfn dy nfl bfkI ahudydfr vI cuxy jfxgy|aWj luiDafxf ivKy sRomxI gurduafrf pRbMDk kmytI dI kfrjkfrnI ny mIitMg krky jnrl hfAus dIaF iqafrIaF df jfiejLf ilaf| mIitMg sRomxI gurduafrf pRbMDk kmytI pRDfn bIbI jgIr kor dI pRDfngI hyT hoeI| nvIN cox qoN pihlF mojUd kfrjkfrnI dI ieh afKrI mIitMg smJI jf rhI hY|soRmxI kmytI dI nvIN lIzrisLp df PYslf hux 183sRomxI kmytI mYNbrF dy hWQ clf ilaf igaf hY| bysLWk aWj iksy sMBfvI AumIdvfr df nF qF sfhmxy nhI afieaf pr ies aihm mfmly bfry PYslf akflI dl dI rfjsI mfmilaF bfry kmytI dI agly idnF ivc hox vflI mIitMg ivc hI ilaf jfvygf| mOjUdf pRDfn bIbI jgIr kor aglI pRDfngI leI muWK dfavydfr ivco iek hn| ipCly sfl kmytI dIaF afm coxF qoN bfad Auh pihlI vfr pRDfn bxy sn|sRomxI kmytI dI kfrjkfrnI ny kmytI mYNbr kuldIp isMG dI hWiqaf dI sKq sLbdF ivc inMdf kIqI|ies mYNbr dI axpCfqy nojvfnF ny golI mfr ky hWiqaf kr idWqI| kmytI ny dosILaF nUM jldI igPRqfr krn dI mM kIqI hY| kmytI ny afpxy mulfjLmF leI zI[ey ivc cfr pRqIsLq vfDy leI notIiPkysLn vI jfrI kr idWqf hY |
kfr nihr ivc izWgx nfl ieko pirvfr dy cfr jIaf dI moq mMzI zWbvflI: ijLlf XUQ akflI dl mukqsr dy jnrl skWqr kuldIp isMG brfV dI kfr lohgVH lfgy nihr ivWc izwgx kfrn Aus dI pirvfr dy cfr mYNbr smyq moq ho geI|imRqkF ivc AunFH dI pqnI aqy iek lVkI aqy lVkf vI sLfml hn|kuldIp isMG brfV AurP afpxy pirvfr smyq ipMZ ZfbF dy njLdIp pYNdy KyqF qoN afpxI inWjI kfr ivc rfjsQfn dI srhWd ipMz imWzUKyVf vwl jf rhy sn ik kfr df sMquln ivgV jfx kfrn kfr nihr ivWc jf izWgI|keI GMitaF dI msWLkq bfad ivc ipMz vfsIaF aqy hirafxf puulIs dI mdd nfl cfro imRqkF nUM nihr ivco kWiZaf igaf|kfr nihr ivco kWZI geI |bfad Aukq cfrF jixaF nUM isvl hspqfl ivKy ilaFdf igaf | ijQy zfktrF vWlo AunFH nUM imRqk aYlfn idwqf igaf|
bMglfdysL gurduafrf kmytI vWlo Zfkf dy gurduafry ‘c sRomxI kmytI dy dKl df ivroD
kolkfqf:bMglfdysL gurduafrf
pRbMDk kmytI dy pRDfn surysL kumfr(GnsLfm isMG)ny dosL lfieaf hY ik
sRomxI gurduafrf pRbMDk kmytI aMimRqsr ny Zfkf siQq gurduafrf
nfnksLfhI ivKy kMm kr rhy AunFH dy do mulfjLmF nUM vrglf ky
bMglfdysL gurduafrf pRbMDk kmytI nUM dWsy ibnF hI AunFH nUM afpxy
vWlo inXukqI pWqr jfrI krky AunFH nUM afpxy mulfjLm bxfAux aqy
gurduafry Auqy kbjLf krn dI koisLs kIqI hY| Zfkf qoN tYlIPon qy
afpxf ibafn ilKvfAuNidaF surysL kumfr ny
AunFH ikhf ik Auh ipwCly ds sflF qo bMglfdysL ‘c siQq gurduafiraF dI syvf kr rhy hn| sMgqF nUM pRyrky AunFH ny gurduafiraF nfl joiVaf hY| ds sfl pihlF ijQy gurduafry ‘c sMgq ds pRfxI nhI sn juVdy ies vyly hr suWLkrvfr nUM gurduafrf nfnksLfhI ivKy swjx vfly dIvfn ‘c cfr-sfZy cfr so sMgqF hfjLrI BrdIaF hn qy lMgr cwldf hY ijs Auqy swq hjLfr dy krIb rupey Krc huMdy hn| surysL kumfr ny ikhf ik ipwCly idnIN eyQy puwjy sRomxI kmytI dy do mYNbr vPd ny ieh sWcfeI aWKI vyKI| ies dy bfvjUd sRomxI kmytI ieh kih ky AunfH nUM BMz rhI hY ik ihMdU ieh hY ijs leI gurduafrf sfihb dI syvf nhI kr skdf| surysL kumfr ny hor ikhf ik ‘mYnUM ihMdU afK ky sRomxI kmtI sihjDfrI qy nfnk nfm lyvf isWKf dI inrfdrI kr rhI hY| AunFH ikhf ik Zfkf aqy dUjIaF QfvF qy rih rhy BfrqI BfeIcfry dy lok ijQy gurduafry nfl juVy hn AuQy AunFH dy GrF ‘c suKmnI sfihb dy pfT vIho rhy hn| sRI surysL kumfr ny ikhf ik AunFH ny Xqn krky iek gRMQI aqy iek klwrk leI bMglfdysL srkfr pfsoN imsLnrI vIjyL ley hn| hux sRomxI kmytI ny ieMnFH dovF mulfjLmF nUM vrglf ky afpxy inXukqI pWqr jfrI kIqy hn qy sQfnk sMgq kfPI nfrfjL hY| AunFH dI kmytI ny vI ies df sKq noits ilaf hY|
KfVkUaF dIaF XfdgfrF bxfAux df mfmlf qUl PVn lwigaf jgrfAu:-nyVly ipMz sohIaF ‘c bxfeI geI Xfdgfr ijs Aupr iek pulIs mukfbly ‘c mfry gey KfVkU smyq kuJ hor KfVkUaF dy nF Aukry hoey hn, df mfmlf holI-holI qUl PVn lWgf hY | ies Xfdgfr df AudGftn ipCly idnIN ies KfVkU dy Bog moky kIqf igaf| ieh rsm akflI dl (ieMtrnYsLnl)dy pRDfn aiqMdrpfl isMG ny inBfeI sI| KfVkUaF qoN ielfvf ies Xfdgfr ‘c kuJ PojI sLhIdF qy iksfnF dy nF vI drj hn| pRfpq jfxkfrI anusfr pMjfb ‘c kuJ QfvF qy KfVkUvfd dorfn mfry gey kuJ KfVkUaF dIaF XfdgfrF bxfeIaF geIaF hn| Ausy lVI ‘c nyVly ipMz sohIaF ‘c vI pMjfb pulIs nfl vIh vryH pihlF hoey mukfbly ‘c mfry gey jiqMdr isMG sohIaf dI Xfdgfr vI iek Gr dy nfl KflI peI QF ‘c AusfrI geI hY| ies qy iekWly jiqMdr isMG df nF drj nhI sgoN iqMn-cfr hor KfVkUaF dy nfvF nfl krqfr isMG srfBy dy iek sfQI, sMGrsL dorfn jylH ‘c mry iek iksfn,Poj ‘c sLhId hoey iek jvfn smyq drjn Br nF Aukry hoey hn| akflI dl ieMtrnYsLl dy pRDfn aiqMdrpfl isMG ipwCly idnIN ipMz sohIaF ‘c jiqMdr isMG dI brsI dy pfT dy Bog ‘c sLfml hox leI afey sn aqy AunFH Drm XuWD morcy dy ies sLhId dI Xfdgfr df AudGftn kIqf sI, ijs qy keI sLhIdf dy nF drj hn| aiqMdrpfl isMG df kihxf hY kI BfrqI sMivDfn dI Dfrf 20 aqy 21 sLhIdf dI Xfdgfr Ausfrn dI iejLfjq idMdI hY| hux qWk AunFH dI pfrtI 1920 qoN lY ky vrqmfn smyN ‘c ijMnIaF vI sLhfdq dIaF XfdgfrF ipMz-ipMz Ausfr rhI hY| hux qWk 12 sLhIdI smfrk bxf ky isWK kom dy hvfly kr cuwky hn| aiqMdrpfl isMG df kihxf hY ik lok AunFH nUM vot dyx, Auh Kfilsqfn lY ky dyxgy| KfVkUaF dIaF XfdgfrF Ausfrn df mfmlf qUl Audo PVn lWgf jdoN ies bfry KuPIaf eyjMsI ny jfxkfrI iekWqr krnI suLrU kIqI| ies dy nfl hI ivDfnsBf ‘c awqvfd dy muWdy qy hoeI bihs ipWCo hux BfrqI jnqf pfrtI dI kfrjkfrnI dy mNYbr suKimMdrpfl isMG gryvfl vwlo dfgy ibafn ny mfmlf hor BKf idWqf hY| sRI gryvfl df kihxf hY ik ipMz sohIaF ‘c jiqMdr isMG, prmjIq isMG AurPkflf, ieMdrjIq isMG qy igafn isMG KfVkUaF dI bxfeI geI Xfdgfr sbMDI pMjfb srkfr vWlo vWtI cuWp keI sMLky KVIH krdI hY| BrosyXog sUqrF anusfr KuPIaf eyjMsI dy nfl -nfl jgrfAu pulIs ny vI ies Xfdgfr sbMDI puWC pVqfl kIqI hY| sfrI irport iqafr krn qoN bfad jgrfAuN pulIs vWlo ies qy kfrvfeI leI hux zI[ey lIgl qoN rfie mMgI geI hY| zI[ey lIgl dI rfie anusfr hI pulIs vWlo hux ies Xfdgfr sbMDI aglyrI kfrvfeI kIqy jfx dI sMBfvnf hY|
idWlI dy DmfikaF ivWco aisWDy qor qy BUimkf inBfeI bWbr Kflsf ny nvIN idWlI:L-sLnIvr nUM idWlI nUM dihlf dyx vfly DmfikaF dy ipwCy pfiksqfnI aWqvfdIaF dIaF qfrF idWlI puls dy spYsLl sYlw ny lWB leIaF hn| puls ies gWl df sWLk jqf rhI hY ik afpxf tfrgyt sfDx leI aWqvfdI sMgTn ny bWbr Kflsf ieMtrnYsLnl nUM kYrIar dy qor qy vriqaf hY| idWlI puls dy spYsLl sYlw dy zI[jI[pI kumfr ny ajy afpxI jFc bfry kuJ vI Kulfsf krn qoN ienkfr qF kIqf pr eynf sMkyq idWqf hY ik sWLk dy dfiery ivc bWbr Kflsf ieMtrnYsLnl vI afieaf hY| sUqrF anusfr AuqrFcl df qrfeI Kyqr pMjfb ivc aWqvfd dy dor ivc KfVkUaF df gVH irhf sI| ies vfr vI dIvflI qoN pihlF KfVkUvfdI dI vfrdfq krn vfilaF dy sMprk AuqrFcl ivc hox dy surfg imly hn| smiJaf jf irhf hY ik idWlI dy isnymf GrF ivc bMb Dmfky krn vfly bWbr Kflsf guWt nUM hI KfVkU sMgTn lsLkr-ey-qoiebf ny kYrIar dy rUp ivc vriqaf aqy ieslfimk ienklfbI muhfjL nUM ies dI ijLMmyvfrI lYx leI aWgy kr idWqf hY| idWlI puls dy jfieMt puls kimsLnr krnl isMG ny aWj ieQy dwisaf ik ijhVy aWqvfdI sMgTnF df irkfrz Proilaf jf irhf hY, AunFH ivWc bWbr Kflsf ieMtrnYsLnl vI iek hY|
amirMdr ny aMimRqsr-vfhgf sVk sbMDI vyrvy muWK skWqr kolo mMgy cMzIgVH:-pMjfb dy muWK mMqrI kYptn amirMdr isMG ny pMjfb dy muWK skWqr jY isMG aqy lok inrmfx ivBfg dy aiDkfrIaF nMU aMimRqsr qoN vfhgf bfrzr qwk bxn vflI Por lyn sVk sbMDI vyrvy dyx dI hdfieq kIqI hY qF ik ies sVk df kMm jldI pUrf kIqf jf sky| pRfpq jfxkfrI muqfbk muWK mMqrI dI hdfieq qoN bfad muWK skWqr jY isMG igWl ny aMimRqsr-atfrI roz jo ivc lok inrmfx ivBfg dy Aucw aiDkfrIaF qy ieMjInIarF nfl ivcfr-vtFdrf vI kIqf hY| ies qoN pihlF pRDfn mMqrI zf[mnmohn isMG ny pMjfb srkfr nUM ies sVk nUM qurMq Por lyn bxfAux dI hdfieq kIqI sI| ies qoN bfad muWK mMqrI nUM pRDfn mMqrI nUM ivsLvfs idvfieaf sI ik ies sVk df inrmfx jldI suLrU krky ies nUM imQy smyN ivc pUrf kr ilaf jfvygf| pRfpq jfxkfrI anusfr pRDfn mMqrI vWlo ies Por lyn sVk nUM qurMq bxfAux dy afdysL ies leI jfrI kIqy gey hnikAuNik ijhVf pfiksqfn nfl sVk rfhIN vpfr suLrU hoxf hY,Auh ies aMimRqsr-atfrI vfhgf sVk rfhIN hoxf hY aqy ies sVk dfAus pRojYkt nfl koeI sbMD nhI,ijs aDIn aMimRqsr-jlMDr hfeIvy Por lyn bx rhI hY| ieh vI pqf lWgf hY ik pMjfb srkfr kyNdr srkfr nUM ies pRfjYkt leI mdd krn leI khygI ikAuNik vpfr df sfrf kMm kyNdr srkfr dIaF hdfieqF qy suLrU hoxf hY| ieQy ieh vI dWsxXog hY ik jlMDr-aMimRqsr sVk pRfjYkt df kMm pihlF hI suLrU ho cuWkf hY| AuDr pfiksqfn ny vI vfhgf qoN lfhor qwk sVk nUM Por lyn krn df kMm suLrU kr idWqf hY| aijhf jldI ies leI kIqf jf irhf hY qF ik CyqI hI do dysLf ivc sVk rfhIN vpfr vWzI pWDr qy suLrU kIqf jf sky,ijs leI dovyN dysLf dIaF sVkf bxfAux qy irpyar krnI aqI jLrUrI hY qF ik afAux-jfx vfly vhIklf nUM koeI idWkq pysL nf afvy|
akflIaF dy 5 viraF dy mukfbly kFgrs dy 3 virHaF ‘c kIqy ivkfs nUM sfhmxy ilaFvfgy: kYptn luiDafxf (qijMdr isMG):-muWK mMqrI kYptn amirMdr isMG ny ikhf ik Auh ivkfs dy muWdy qy bihs krn leI iqafr hn| ies leI rUp-ryKf iqafr kIqI jf rhI hY| ies ivc jnqf nUM ieh idKfieaf jfvygf ik akflIaF 5 vryH dy kfrjkfl ivc aqy kFgrs ny 3 vryH dy aMdr ikMnf kfnuMn ivvsQf ivc suDfr kIqf| ies dy ielfvf vI jykr iksy hor muWdy qy akflI bihs krnf cfhuMdf qF AunFH dI srkfr iqafr hY| luiDafxf ivKy bfbf ivsLkrmf idvs smfroh nUM sMboDn kridaF AunFH ikhf ik sfZy 3 vryH ‘c kFgrs ny ijMnfH ivkfs pMjfb ‘c kIqf hY,Enf akflI kdy supny ivc soc vI nhI skdy| AunFH ikhf ik pMjfb ivc 17 hjLfr kroV rupey dy pRfjYkt lfAuxy suLrU ho gey hn bfkI 11 hjLfr kroV rupey dy pRfjYkt dI iqafrI mukMml kr leI geI hY qy AunFH nUM jldI hI afrMB kr idqwf jfvygf| hfl hI ivc irlfieMs ieMzstrI dy mukysL aMBfnI nUM vI AunFH pMjfb ivc invysL krn leI ikhf hY,ijs qy Auh rfjIL ho gey hn| kYptn isMG ny ikhf ik KLyqI dy afDfrq sUby vjoN jfxy jFdy pMjfb dI ieMzstrI leI aijhIaF XojnfvF bxfeIaF jf rhIaF hn ik ieh AudXoigk sUby vjoN vI vWKrI pCfx bxfvy|
21 sRomxI kmytI mYNbrF ivruWD suxvfeI aWj jlMDr:-sRomxI kmytI dy 21 mYNbrF ivruWD drj krvfeIaF cox ptIsLnF dI suxvfeI leI kyNdrI gRih mMqrfly vWlo bxfeI iek mYNbrI jFc kmytI 3 nvMbr nUM suxvfeI kr rhI hY aqy akflI dl(b) nfl sbMDq 21 mYNbr Aukq ptIsLnF rWd krn dI mMg krngy ikAuNik iksy vI cox ptIsLn nfl isLkfieqkrqfvF ny hlPIaf ibafn nhI lgfieaf jdik kfnUMnI inXmF muqfbk isrP Auho hI ptIsLn mnjULr kIqI jFdI hY ijs nUM sfbq krn leI hlPIaf ibafn lwgf hoieaf hovy| akflI mYNbrF dy kys dI pYrvI kr rhy AuWGy kfnUMndfn s[hrdyv isMG mWqyvfl ny dwisaf ik krIb sfrIaF hI ptIsLn ivc cox kimsLn dI qrPdfrI aqy sihjDfrI votF nf pYx dyx dIaF isLkfieqf kIqIaF geIaf pr gurduafrf cox kimsLn df gTn qy sihjDfrI nUM vot df hWk nf idwqy jfx df PYslf akflI dl jF s[pRkfsL isMG bfdl df nhI,sgoN kyNdr srkfr df sI ijs krky aijhy dysLF dI koeI kfnUMnI buWkq nhI| AunFH ikhf ik sihjDfrI df mslf hfeIkort ivc hY aqy stya vI nhI| s[mWqyvfl ny dwisaf ik iksy vI isLkfieq nfl hlPIaf ibafn nhI lWgf jdik kfnUMn anusfr dosLf dI pusLtI leI aijhf ibafn jLrUrI hY qy aijhy ibafn dI axhoNd ivc ptIsLn suxI hI nhI jf skdI ies afDfr Aupr Auh sfrIaF ptIsLnf rWd krn dI mMg krngy| akflI dl aqy sRomxI kmytI hlikaF ivc svf sfl qoN vwD smF lMG jfx qoN bfad gRih mMqrfly vWlo izptI spIkr vI[ky gupqf qy afDfrq iek mYNbrI jFc kmytI bxfey jfx dy mfmly Aupr hYrfnI pRgt kIqI jf rhI hY| AunFH df kihxf hY ik isLkfieq jF ptIsLnf iek mhIny dy aMdr krnIaF huMdIaF hn qy srkfr ieMnFH lMmF smF pihlF ikAu suWqI rhI| sRI gupqf vWlo sfry mYNbrF nUM jFc ‘c sLfml hox leI pWqr jfrI kIqy gey hn| pqf lWgf hY ik sRomxI kmytI pRDfn bIbI jgIr kor ny ies mfmly nUM lY ky kyNdrI gRih mMqrI isLv rfj pfitl nUM vI pWqr iliKaf hY | AunFH ikhf hY ik isWKf dI pRqIinD sMsQf pRqI srkfr df vqIrf druWsq nhI| AunFH mulfkfq leI smyN dI mMg kIqI hY| bIbI jgIr kor ny sMprk krn qy ikhf ik sfnUM smJ nhI afAuNdI ik ieMny smyN bfad noits jfrI krn dI kI loV pY geI| AunFH ikhf ik ptIsLnf ivruWD Auh kfnUMnI lVfeI krngy| akflI dl qy sRomxI kmytI ny gRih mMqrfly vWlo iek mYNbrI kmytI bxfey jfx dy PYsly nUM vI adflq ivc cuxoqI dyx df PYsly nUM vI adflq ivc cuxoqI dyx df PYslf kIqf hY| hrdyv isMG mWqyvfl ny ikhf ik kfnUMnI inXmF ‘c aijhIaF ptIsLnf dI suxvfeI leI iek jF iqMn mYNbrI kmytI bxfAux bfry drj hY| sfnUM hYrfnI hY ik ies mfmly ‘c iek mYNbrI kmytI dI kI quWk hY| AunFH ikhf ik sRomxI kmytI nfl sbMDq hor vWzy adfry hn,ijMnFH nUM srkfr inXukq krdI hY| isWK gurduafrf juzIsILal kimsLn aqy gurduafrf itRibAUnl kimsLn ivc sfbkf jWj jF GWto-GWt 10 sfl dI syvf vfly isWK vkIl leI jFdy hn jdik itRibAUnl ivc hfeIkort dy mojUdf jWj dy nfl do hor nfmvr vkIlF lYx dI ivvsQf hY pr cox ptIsLn dI suxfeI vflI kmytI dy muKI jF mYNbrF dI koeI Xogqf nhI imQI, gRih mMqrfly ijs nUM mrjIL lgf dyvy| sRomxI kmytI df mqf hY ik aijhI kmytI leI vI Xogqf inrDfrq hovy qy vfh lWgdI mYNbr isWK hI hovy| sRomxI kmytI df kihxf hY ik juzIsILal kimsLn bxfAux df aiDkfr pMjfb srkfr kol hox qy ies df kfrjkfl sRomxI kmytI vFg 5 sfl krvfAux aqy juzIsILal kimsLn kmytI mYNbrF bfry aMiqm PYslf nf lYx bfry PYsly krvfAux leI adflqF ‘c kfnUMnI lVfeI-lVnI pey| hux vI Auh ptIsLnf qy suxvfeI vflI kmytI dI Xogqf inrDfrq krvfAuxgy|
bfdl srkfr bxn ‘qy vpfrIaF df vYt irPMz qurMq jfrI krFgy : suKbIr bfdl jlMDr: sRI pRkfsL isMG bfdl dI agvfeI ‘c sRomxI akflI dl dI srkfr bxn qy vpfrIaF df vYt irPMz qurMq jfrI kr idqf jfvygf aqy vYt nUM hor vI srl bxfieaf jfvygf qF jo vpfrI vrg nUM iksy iksm dIaF musLklF nf afAux|’ ieh gWl sRomxI akflI dl dy jnrl skWqr qy lok sBf mYNbr sRI suKbIr bfdl ny aWj ieQy gWlbfq kridaF khI| sRI suKbIr bfdl ny ikhf ik kyNdr srkfr aqy pMjfb dI kYptn srkfr ny imlky vpfrIaF dI luWt kIqI hY| AunfH ikhf ik kYptn srkfr ny vYt lfgU krky vpfrI vrg df glf hI Guwt idWqf hY| AunFH ikhf ik muWK mMqrI kYptn amirMdr isMG ny vYt nUM srl krn leI koeI kdm nhI cuWky sgoN ies nUM guMJldfr hI bxfieaf| vYt lfgU krn nfl vpfrI vrg qy dohrI mfr peI hY| iek qF pihlF aNMnyHvfh lfey gey tYks ‘c srkfr ny vpfrIaF nUM koeI irhfieq nhI idqI|Aultf vYt lfgU krky vpfrI vrg df kMcUmr hI kWZ idWqf| sRI suKbIr bfdl ny ikhf ik vYt lfAux nfl pMjfb dI ieMzstrI vI qbfh ho geI hY |pMjfb dI snaq ijhVI pihlF hI kYptn srkfr dIaF glq nIqIaF krky Kqm hox dy iknfry phuMcf huWkI hY,nUM vYt ny hor mfr idqf hY|sUbo ‘c snaqF jMmU-ksLmIr,ihmfcl,hirafxf aqy AuwqrFcl pRdysL ‘c jf rhIaF hn| jo snaqF iesy qrfH hI dUjy sUibaF nUM jFdIaF rhIaF qF pMjfb ‘c byrujLgfrI hor vI vD jfvygI| sRI suKbIr bfdl ny spwsLt sbdF ‘c aYlfn kIqf ik sRomxI akflI dl afpxI afAux vflI srkfr dI afriQk nIqI df aYlfn pihlf hI kr dyvygf, qF jo snaqkfrF nUM pqf lWg jfvy ik jy kYptn srkfr ny AunFH dI bFh nhI PVI qF akflI srkfr ‘c qF AunFH dy duKVy suxy jfxgy| AunFH ikhf ik ijs srkfr dI afriQk nIqIaF cMgIaF hoxgIaF,AuhI srkfr sUby dI snaqIkrn kr skdI hY| AunFH ikhf ik sRomxI akflI dl afriQk nIqIaF bxfAux qoN pihlF snaqkfrF nuM Brosy ‘c leygf qF jo AunFH nUM pysL af rhIaF musLklF sbMDI AunFH dI rfie leI jf ksy| AunFH ikhf ik iek pfsy qF kYptn amirMdr isMG kih irhf hY ik AunFH kol KjLfny ‘c bhuq pYsf iekWTf ho igaf hY pr dUjy pfsy snaqkfrF qy vpfrI vrg qy tYks mVIH jf rhy hn| AunFH dosL lfieaf ik muWK mMqrI qy AunFH dy mMqrIaF dy iesLfiraF qy aPsLrsLfhI jnqf nUM luWtI jf rhI hY pr srkfr df ies pfsy koeI iDafn hI nhI hY| kYptn amirMdr isMG qy vrHidaF sRI suKbIr isMG bfdl ny khf ik jdoN dI kYptn srkfr ny sWqf sMBflI hY,AuNdo qoN hI sUbf inGfr vWl jfxf suLrU ho igaf hY| AunFH ikhf ik lgBg 4 sfl lokF nUM iesy srkfr ny rWj ky lwuitaf pr hux jdoN coxF ‘c iek sfl qoN vI GWt smF rih igaf hY qF ieMnFH nUM ivkfs kMmf df cyqf af igaf hY| AunFH ikhf ik sUby dy lok kYptn srkfr dIaF cflF nUM cMgI qrFH smJdy hn ik ijhVy ivkfs kMm Auh hux suLrU krvfAux dIaF gWlf krdy hn Auh isrP votF btorn qwk hI sImq hn|
inAUXfrk ‘c shUry vWlo nUMh nUM sfVn df Xqn jlMDr:-amrIkf dy vWzy sLihr inAUXfrk dy sMGxI pMjfbI vsoN vfly Kyqr ircmMz ihWl ivc gurduafry Ausfrn,siBafcfrk sBfvF sQfpq krn aqy Kyz myly krvf ky pMjfbIaq df JMzf bulMd krn qoN bfad pMjfb ivclI vWzI lfhxq nUMhf nUM shury GrF ivc sfVn dI iprq vI suLrU kr leI hY| 28 akqUbr nUM ircmMz Kyqr ivc gurfieaf lfgly ipMz bkfpur dy vsLnIk krnYl isMG vWlo afpxI nUMh gurpRIq kor pMmI nUM aWg lf ky sfVn dy mfmly ivc PVy jfx qoN bfad pMjfbI BfeIcfry hI nhI sgoN hornF kMmf dy lokF ivc vI nvIN crcf iCV peI hY| ieQy puWjIaf irportF muqfbk krnYl isMG ny 28 akqUbr dI rfq nUM bVy iPlmI qrIky nfl afpxI nUMh nUM pYtrol suWt ky sfVn dI koisLsL kIqI ijs ivc nUMh qF vfl-vfl bc geI pr ijs Gr ivc Auh rihMdI sI,Auh iqMn mMijLlf Gr sV igaf| khfxI kuJ ies qrFH dWsI jFdI hY ik gurpRIq kor grIn kfrz holzr hY,ijs df ivafh iek sfl pihlF pMjfb ivc krnYl isMG dy lVky nfl hoieaf sI| lVkf ieMzIaF qoN ajy amrIkf nhI sI afieaf pr ivafh krvfAux qoN bfad gurpIRq amrIkf af geI sI aqy afpxy shury krnYl isMG ircmMz ihwl 124 stRIt 97 aYvinAU ivKy rih rhI sI| iqMn mhIinaF ivc hI AunFH dI lVfeI suLrU ho geI sI| shury ny gurpIRq nfl do iqMn vfr mfrkuWtfeI vI kIqI| 28 akqUbr nUM shury ny gurpRIq dy kmry dy bfhr pYtrol dI kMnI lY ky bYsmYNt dy bfhrly drvfjyL nUM aWg lf idWqI| gurpRIq ies aWg ivc bc qy geI pr AusdIaF lWqf Juls geIaF| ies klXug shury dI nIaq ivc kI sI jF ies ny afpxI nUMh nUM ikAuN sfVn dI koisLsL kIqI sI,ieh ajy qWk Byd bixaf hoieaf hY| ijhVf aiDafey inAUXfrk ivc ajy axCoihaf sI| ijhVf aiDafey inAUXfrk ivc ajy axCoihaf sI, Aus nUM krnYl isMG ny suLrU krky pMjfbI aorqF nUM vzI vWzI soc ivc pf idWqf| |
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brYNptn:
(p-pRYWs) iensfP sMsQf, ijsdf moto hY iensfP, igafn aqy muafvjLf,
nMU jskrn kOr aqy suKvMq isMG vloN sMn 2004 ivwc sQfpq kIqf igaf sI.
iesnMU sQfpq krn dy kfrx bfry dwsidaF hfvrz XUNIvristI qoN lfa dI
izgrI holzr bIbI jskrn kOr ny ikhf ik lfa dI ividafrQx hox vyly
AunHF nMU ieh isKfieaf igaf sI ik dunIaF dy kony kony ivwc ikMnIaF
mnuwKI aiDkfrF df Gfx krn vflIaF GtnfvF vfprIaF hn ijs ivwc pMjfb
ivwc 25000 lfvfirs lfsLF df muwdf sfnMU nhIN pVfieaf igaf. pr sfzy
pRoPYsrF ny sfnMU AuqsLfhq kIqf ik asIN Kud jf ky pMjfb ivwc pVcolH
imsLn clf skdy hF. jskrn kOr ny dwisaf ik grYjUeyt hox qoN bfad Auh
pMjfb ivwc kfPI arsf ibqf ky afeI ijQy Ausny anykF srkfrI jLulm df
isLkfr hoey lokF dIaF ieMtrivAUjL kIqIaF. ies qoN bfad suKvMq isMG
vI aijhy imsLn qy igaf ijQoN donoN vkIlF nMU ieh aihsfs
ho
igaf ik pMjfb aMdr srkfrI jLulm df isLkfr hoey lokF nMU iensfP imlx
dI koeI afs nhIN hY, ies bfry kfnUMnI pwK qoN kuwJ krn dI loV hY.
sMn 204 ivwc dohF ny iml ky iensfP sMsQf sQfpq kIqI ijs ivwc jskrn
kOr qy suKvMq isMG DfmI Puwl tfeIm kMm krdy hn. ienHF dohF qoN
ielfvf cfr hor zfierYktr hn ijnF ivwc pItr rojLnblU ihAUmn rfeIts
pRo[ kolMbIaf XUnIvristI, ircrz ivlsn ihAUmn rfeIts pRo[ amrIkn
XUnIvristI, mItf lUas amrIkn isvl ilbrtIjL XUnIan aqy aYlsn hYlmMz
imMtl izsibltI rfeIts ieMtrnYsLnl dy nfm vrnxXog hn.
brYNptn
dy istI hfl muhry bxy gyjL pfrk ivwc hovygf.
bljIq
isMG jOhl ny bulMdIaF nMU CUihaf.jpg)
ikhf
hY ik sRomxI kmytI ies qrFH krky Drm df pRcfr nhI kr rhI blik
rfjsI Kyz Kyz rhI hY|