Sanjh Savera

sLRomxI gurUduafrf pRbMDk kmytI julfeI 11, 2004

sLRomxI kmytI aqy ies dIaF coxF[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[guirMdr kOr

“irafsq ivc irafsq” hY sLRomxI kmytI[[[[[hrbIr isMG BMvr

sLRomxI kmytI dy pRDfn[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[hrbIr isMG BMvr

sLRomxI kmytI dy hux qk rhy pRDfn[[[[[[[[[[[hrbIr isMG BMvr

sLRomxI kmytI dy jyqU AumIdvfr

jlMDr(aYc ibAUro)-awj sLoRmxI gurduafrf pRbMDk kmytI dIaF coxF leI peIaF votF dy cox nqIijaF df srkfrI qOr `qy BfvyN koeI aYlfn nhIN kIqf igaf pr sfzy sUqrF anusfr cox nqIijaF dI sUcI CfpI jf rhI hY. jo ies qrHF hY:-

ijLlHf jlMDr
jlMDr sLihrI qoN kulvMq isMG mMnx (bfdl dl), jlMDr sLihrI (iesqrI) bIbI gurivMdr kOr nIlfmihl (bfdl dl), krqfrpur qoN suKbIr isMG avfdfn (bfdl dl), iPlOr iesqrI qoN bIbI inrml kOr pfslf, nkodr qoN gurmIq isMG dfdUvfl, (ir) bldyv isMG kilafx (bfdl dl), sLfhkot qoN isLMgfrf isMG (bfdl dl), afdmpur qoN rxjIq isMG zrolI klF (bfdl dl).

ijLlHf kpUrQlf
kpUrQlf qoN sMqoK isMG KIrFvflI qy bIbI Bjn kOr zogrFvflf (bfdl dl), BulwQ qoN bIbI jgIr kOr (bfdl dl), PgvfVf qoN jrnYl isMG vfhd (bfdl dl).

ijLlHf aMimRqsr
aMimRqsr (pwCmI) qoN aYzvokyt jsivMdr isMG (bfdl dl), aMimRqsr (pUrbI) AuNkfr isMG sLrIPpurf (bfdl dl), hlkf kyNdrI aMimRqsr qoN BfeI rijMdr isMG mihqf, (iesqrI) qoN bIbI ikrnjIq kOr (bfdl dl), gurU kf bfg qoN sMqoK isMG smrf (bfdl dl), jMizaflf qoN gupfl isMG jfxIaf (bfdl dl), qrn qfrn (iesqrI) qoN bIbI mnjIq kOr alfvlpur (bfdl dl), iBKIivMz qoN hridafl isMG (bfdl dl), Jbfl qoN bfbf inrml isMG (bfdl dl), vltohf qoN jgjIq isMG Buwlr (afjLfd) (iesqrI) mfstr isLMgfrf isMG (afjLfd), pwtI qoN suKivMdr isMG iswDU (afjLfd), ajnflf qoN amrIk isMG ivCoaf (bfdl dl qy bIbI blvMq kOr (bfdl), KzUr sfihb qoN amrjIq isMG BlfeIpur (bfdl dl), nOsLihrf pMnUaf qoN gurbcn isMG krmUvflf (bfdl dl).

ijLlHf luiDafxf
luiDafxf sLihrI qoN blivMdr isMG bYNs (pMQk morcf), luiDafxf (pwCmI) qoN avqfr isMG mwkV, (AuWqrI) qoN kmlieMdr isMG, rfeykot qoN jgdyv isMG qlvMzI qy bIbI hrbMs kOr, iswDvF byt qoN gurbKsL isMG puVYx, (ir[) kyvl isMG bfdl (bfdl dl), smrflf qoN jQydfr ikRpfl isMG KIrnIaf (bfdl dl), KMnf qoN jQydfr dieaf isMG (ir) qy blivMdr kOr KtVf (bfdl dl), pfiel qoN rGvIr isMG shfrn mfjrf (ir), divMdr isMG cImf (bfdl dl), dorfhf qoN gurmyl isMG sMgovfl (bfdl dl), jgrfAuN qoN hrsuirMdr isMG igwl (bfdl dl).

ijLlHf gurdfspur
gurdfspur qoN bIbI suKmIq kOr pfVf (bfdl dl), pTfnkot qoN idlbfg isMG (bfdl dl), zyrf bfbf nfnk qoN amrIk isMG KlIlpur (pMQk morcf), sRI hrgoibMdpur qoN ksLmIr isMG (bfdl dl), kflf aPgfnf qoN gurivMdr isMG sLfmpurf (bfdl dl) (ir) qy bIbI surjIq kOr (pMQk morcf), btflf qoN guridafl isMG (bfdl dl).

ijLlHf huisLafrpur
huisLafrpur qoN suirMdr isMG Buwlyvfl, sLfmcurfsI qoN hrijMdr isMG DfmI, gVHsLMkr qoN kfbl isMG, dsUhf qoN jQydfr BgvMq isMG hrdoQlf (jn), jQydfr blbIr isMG (ir[).

ijLlHf nvFsLihr
nvFsLihr qoN suKdyv isMG BOr (bfdl dl), nvFsLihr (aYs sI) gurbKsL isMG (ibnF mukfblf cuxy gey).

ijLlHf pitaflf
nfBf qoN kuldIp isMG, zyrf bwsI qoN nrmyl isMG jOlf klF (bfdl dl), smfxf qoN joigMdr isMG pMjrQ (bfdl dl) qy (ir) hrjIq kOr hirafAU, BfdsoN qoN sqivMdr isMG tOhVf (ir) rfmidafl isMG inrmfxf (bfdl dl), zkflf qoN blvMq isMG rfmgVH (bfdl dl), pitaflf qoN sLivMdr isMG sBrvfl (ir) bIbI prmjIq kOr (bfdl dl), rfjpurf qoN surjIq isMG gVHI qy (ir) gurdyv kOr hrpflpur (bfdl dl).

ijLlHf ropV
anMdpur sfihb qoN guirMdr isMG gogI, ropV qoN hrbMs isMG kMdolf (pMQk morcf), moirMzf qoN blbIr isMG igwl (pMQk morcf), muhflI qoN hrdIp isMG (pMQk morcf), KrV qoN Bjn isMG sLyrigwl (ir) kYptn hrnyk isMG (pMQk morcf).

ijLlHf mogf
mogf qoN hrbMs isMG, bwDnI klF qoN hirMdr isMG rxIaf (bfdl dl), inhfl isMG vflf qoN gurmyj isMG ml, (ir) tyk isMG mfxUky (bfdl dl), Drmkot qoN surjIq isMG lohgVH (bfdl dl), ismrjIq kOr (bfdl dl), Gwl klF qoN qIrQ isMG mfhlf (bfdl dl), bfGfpurfxf qoN rxDIr isMG rozy (ir) qy kulivMdr kOr lMgyafxf (bfdl dl).

cMzIgVH
cMzIgVH qoN gurpRqfp isMG irafV (afjLfd AumIdvfr).

ijLlHf sMgrUr
brnflf qoN tyk isMG DnOlf qy bIbI ajfieb kOr Boqnf, cMnxvfl qoN sMq jsvIr isMG, BdOV qoN bldyv isMG cuMGF qy amr isMG bI[ ey[, mUxk qoN muKiqafr kOr (bfdl dl), DUrI qoN surjIq isMG kflfbUlf (pMQk morcf), sunfm qoN snmuwK isMG moKf (pMQk morcf), idVHbf mMzI qoN jQydfr ikRpfl isMG lfz bnjfrf (pMQk morcf).

ijLlHf biTMzf
mOV mMzI qoN gurqyj isMG joDpur (pMQk morcf).

ijLlHf PqihgVH sfihb
bsI pTfxF qoN dIdfr isMG BwtI (bfdl dl), amloh qoN rivMdr isMG Kflsf (pMQk morcf), PqihgVH sfihb qoN krnYl isMG pMjolI (ir) bIbI suirMdr kOr (pMQk morcf).

ijLlHf iProjLpur
abohr qoN krqfr isMG iswDU (bfdl dl).

ijLlHf mukqsr
mlot qoN idafl isMG, igwdVbfhf qoN gurpfl isMG gorf (bfdl dl).

ijLlHf PrIdkot
PrIdkot qoN mihMdr isMG rumfxf.

hirafxf
akflI dl (b) dy isrsf qoN hrdm isMG lwkVvflI qy bIbI dljIq kOr.

sLRomxI kmytI aqy ies dIaF coxF

lyKk : guirMdr kOr

sLRomxI gurduafrf pRbMDk kmytI, kfnUMnI qOr qy ieiqhfsk iswK gurduafiraF dI syvf sMBfl vfsqy bxfeI geI sI. jd ieh kmytI bxI sI qF ies dI sMBfl hyT 241 gurduafry sn. ienHF ivcoN 65 pUrbI pMjfb dy(ajokf pMjfb, hirafxf aqy ihmfcl) aqy 177 pwCmI pMjfb(hux pfiksqfn) ivc sn.pfiksqfn dy kfiem hox mgroN ies hyT isrP 64 gurduafry hI rih gey sn. iPr keI hor gurduafry ies ivc sLfml hoey. ies qoN ielfvf ies sMsQf ny keI skUl qy kflj KolHy. ies vkq 60 qoN vwD ividak adfry sLRomxI gurduafrf pRbMDk kmytI dy pRbMD hyT hn.

BfvyN ieiqhfsk qOr qy sB qoN pihlF gurduafrf gurU nfnk sfihb df jnm asQfn nfnkfxf sfihb hoxf cfhIdf hY pr hkIkq ieh hY ik nfnkfxf sfihb df gurduafrf, bqOr gurduafrf AunwvI swdI ivc bixaf sI. iswK ieiqhfskfr zfktr hrijMdr isMG idlgIr ilKdy hn ik " nfnkfxf sfihb df gurduafrf mhfrfjf rxjIq isMG ny bxfieaf sI qy ijwQo qwk gurduafiraF bqOr iemfrq df svfl hY, pihlf gurduafrf iek qrIky nfl krqfrpur (pfiksqfn) mMinaf jf skdf hY". gurU nfnk sfihb ny afpxIaF AudfsIaF Kqm krn mgroN ieh ngr vsfieaf dI aqy ies ivc pihlI DrmsLflf kfiem kIqI sI. gurduafry df nF " DrmsLflf" qoN " gurduafrf" vI rxjIq isMG mhfrfjf dy aihd ivc sLurU hoieaf sI.

gurU amr dfs sfihb vyly 22 mMjIaF aqy 52 pIVHy Qfpy gey sn. ieh 74 iswK imsLnrI adfry ajoky gurduafry df muwZlf rUp sn. ienHf sfrIaF 72 QfvF qy iswK rojL iewkTy ho ky kIrqn kiraf krdy sn. AuNj DrmsLflf dI sMsQf ienHF 72 QfvF qoN ielfvf hor vI keI QfvF qy sI ijQy lokl iswK kdy kdfeIN iewkTy hoieaf krdy sn. ieh Auh QfvF sn ijQy gurU nfnk sfihb iswKI df pRcfr kr ky afey sn aqy ‘sMgq’ kfiem kr afey sn.

AuNj iswK iPlfsPI ivc gurduafrf lPjL dI vrqoN gurU nfnk sfihb dI bfxI ivc vI imldI hY :

" gurU duafrY hoie soJI pfiesI.. (gurU gRMQ sfihb, sPf 730)

gurU duafry hmrf vIafhu ij hoaf jF shu imilaf qf jfinaf.. (gurU gRMQ sfihb, sPf 351)

pr ienHF dohF QfvF qy lPjL ‘gurduafrf’ df arQ ajokI iemfrq nhIN blik ‘gurU dy crn’, ‘Aus dI iswiKaf’, ‘AusdI mq’ hY. zf[idlgIr pihlf ‘rsmI’ gurduafrf hirmMdr sfihb gurU kf cwk (hux aMimRqsr) nUM mMndy hn. AunHF muqfbk ajoky gurduafry df isDFq 16 agsq 1604 dy idn (gurU) gRMQ sfihb dy pihly pRkfsL idn qoN mMinaf jfxf cfhIdf hY) ( vyKo : sLRomxI akflI dl, sPf 15-16).

sLRomxI gurduafrf pRbMDk kmytI df jnm AunHF gurduafiraF dI syvf sMBfl vfsqy hoieaf sI ijhVy ds gurU sfihbfn aqy sLhIdF nfl sbMDq sn. ies ivc AudoN dy pMjfb dy gurduafry sLfml sn pr dUijaF sUibaF dy gurduafry sLfml nhIN sn. idwlI dy gurduafry vI sLROmxI gurduafrf pRbMDk kmytI hyT rhy sn pr 1971 ivc bIbI inrlyp kOr ny ieMdrf gFDI dI ax aYlfnI mdd nfl ienHF qy kbjLf krn mgroN idlI dy gurduafiraF dI syvf sMBfl vfsqy kfnUMn bxf ky ies dI vwKrI kmytI bxf idwqI geI. ieMj hI mgroN jMmU ksLmIr dy gurduafiraF vfsqy vI iek kfnUMn bxfieaf igaf qy hux ies kfnUMn hyT coxF krvf ky ies dI vwKrI kmytI cuxI jFdI hY. kuJ sfl pihlF pfiksqfn ny vI afpxy mulk ivcly gurduafiraF qoN vI sLRomxI gurduafrf pRbMDk kmyytI df nfm inhfd ijhf kMtrol vI iblkul hI Kqm kr idwqf . vwsoN pihlF vI ieh gurduafry " aOkfP" (srkfr vwloN gurduafiraF dIaF jfiedfdF vfsqy bxfieaf kfnUMnI borz) dy pRbMD hyT hI sn qy sLRomxI gurduafrf pRbMDk kmytI qF isrP jwQf iljf ky gurpurb mnfAux df hI pRbMD krdI sI. pfiksqfn ny iswK gurDfmF vfsqy vwKrI kmytI bxf idwqI pr ies df cIP iek muslmfn nUM bxfieaf ijhVf ik iksy vI iswK nUM ies df muwKI bxfieaf igaf.

sLRomxI gurduafrf pRbMDk kmytI dI pihlI cox 15 nvMbr 1920 dy idn hoeI sI. sLRomxI gurduafrf pRbMDk kmytI aMimRqsr df jnm iek acfnk Gtnf ivcoN hoeI sI. 12 akqUbr 1920 dy idn jd kuJ aKoqIO pCVIaF jfqF dy iswK hirmMdr sfihb ivc ‘zrfmfeI qrIky nfl’ pRsLfd krvfAux mgroN akfl qKq sfihb ‘qy gey qF AuQoN dy pujfrI isMGF dy afAux qoN pihlF hI AuQoN iKsk gey. jd sMgqF ny ieh vyiKaf qF AunFH ny akfl qKq sfihb dI syvf sMBfl vfsqy iek syvf mMzl kmytI bxf idwqI. ies mgroN iswK afgUaF df iDafn aMimRqsr dy bfkI gurduafiraF vfsqy syvf mMzl kmytI bxfAux vwl igaf qy aKIr AunHF PYslf kIqf ik sfry hI ieiqhfsk gurduafiraF vfsqy iek sFJI kmytI bxfeI jfvy. ies nUM sfhvyN rwKidaF akfl qKq sfihb syvf sMBfl kmytI dy skwqr gurbKsL isMG ny qKq sfihb vwloN iek ‘hukmnfmf’ jfrI krky sfry iswK jwiQaF aqy jQybMdIaF df iewkT 15-16 nvMbr 1920 dy idn akfl qKq idn akfl qKq sfihb qy bulf ilaf. ibRitsL srkfr ny ies nUM qfrpIzo krn vfsqy iek hPqf pihlF iek 36 mYNbrI gurduafrf kmytI bxf idwqI. pr iswK afgUaF ny srkfr dI pRvfh nf kIqI aqy 15 nvMbr nUM 150 mYNbrI gurduafrf kmytI cux leI. srkfr nfl tkrfa qoN bcx vfsqy 36 mYNbrI srkfrI kmytI dy Auh 25 mYNbr jo ienHF 150 ivc nhIN sn cuxy gey, nUM vI sLfml kr ky ies nUM 175 mYNbrI kmytI bxf idwqf.

175 mYNbrI ieh kmytI iswKF ny afp cuxI sI qy srkfr df ies ivc koeI dKl nhI sI. ies dy pihly pRDfn qy skwqr srkfr pwKI suMdr isMG mjLITf qy suMdr isMG rfmgVHIaF sn. pihlF qF srkfr ny ies nUM kbUl kr ilaf pr jd iswKF ny ienHF dohF dI QF pMQk numfieMdy cuxny cfhy qF srkfr tkrfa df bhfnf lwBx lwg peI. ies df pihlF aYksLn sI srkfr vwloN 7 nvMbr 1921 dy idn drbfr sfihb dy qosyKfny dIaF cfbIaF qy kbjLf krnf. iswKF vwloN morcf lfAuxf qy srkfr nUM hiQafr suwtxy pey. ies mgroN srkfr ny gurU df bfg aqy iPr jYqoN ivc vI iswKF nfl twkr leI qy aKIr iswK iek hwd qwk jyqU ho inkly. ies df nqIjf " gurduafrf aYkt" vjoN inkilaf. ies aYkt df KrVf sLRomxI gurduafrf pRbMDk kmytI ny 27 apRYl 1925 dI mIitMg ivc mnjLUr kr ilaf qy ies mgroN 28 julfeI 1925 dy idn gvrnr ny ies ibl qy dsqKq kr idwqy qy pihlI nvMbr 1925 qoN ieh lfgU ho igaf.

ies nvyN aYkt hyT pihlIaF coxF 18 jUn 1926 dy idn hoeIaF. ienHF coxF vyly akflI dl ivc Puwt pY cuwkI sI. iek pfsy bfbf KVk isMG aqy mfstr qfrf isMG df DVf sI aqy dUjy pfsy igafnI sLyr isMG qy srdfr bhfdur mihqfb isMG df DVf sI. coxF ivc bfbf KVk isMG-mfstr qfrf isMG DVf nUM 80 aqy igafnI sLyr isMG DVy nUM 45 sItF imlIaF. 1933 ivc vI dohF DiVaF dI qkrIbn iehI pujIsLn rhI. 1936 ivc bfbf ivsfKf isMG ddyhr dIaF koisLsLF kfrn dohF DiVaF dy sFJy AumIdvfr KVHy kIqy gey. ienHF ivcoN vI 70 qoN 75 PIsdI mfstr qfrf isMG DVy dy sn. ieh lukn mItI igafnI sLyr isMG dI mOq(7 akqUbr 1944) qwk cwldI rhI.

ies mgroN mfstr qfrf isMG DVy ivc igafnI krqfr isMG aqy AUDm isMG nfgoky dy DVy bx gey. pihlF pihl qF dovyN mfstr qfrf isMG dI vPfdfrI inBfAuNdy rhy pr mgroN nfgoky gruwp kFgrs aqy pRqfp isMG kYroN df vPfdfr bx igaf qy hOlI hOlI srkfrI DVf aKvfAux lwg ipaf. nfgoky DVy nUM sLROmxI gurduafrf pRbMDk kmytI qy kfbjL rwKx vfsqy srkfr ny coxF 8-9 sfl qwk rokI rwKIaF. kmytI dIaF aglIaF coxF dsMbr 1954 ivc hoeIaF. srkfr dI pUrI mdd dy bfvjUd akflI dl ny afpxIaF lVIaF 112 dIaF 112 sItF ijwq leIaF qy nfgoky DVy nUM isrP 13 sItF hI imlIaF. ies cox ivc kimAUinst vI ‘dysL Bgq pfrtI’ dy nF hyT lVy. AunHF df smJoqf akflI dl nfl sI ijs krky Auh vI 15 sItF ijwq gey. kimAUinstF ny, Drm nfl sfzf koeI pRbMD nhIN afK ky, muV kdy cox nhIN lVI.

1960 ivc Pyr kYroN dI mdd nfl sfD sMgq borz bxf dy srkfr ny sLROmxI kmytI dIaF coxF ivc iksmq ajLmfeI pr 140 ivcoN isrP 3 sItF hI ijwq sky. 1962 ivc kYroN ny akflI dl ivc jwt-Bfpf(Piqh isMG- mfstr qfrf isMG ) nF hyT Puwt puaf idwqI. nqIjy vjoN 1965 dIaF coxF ivc Piqh isMG 140 ivcoN 90 qy mfstr qfrf isMG 50 sItF qy kfbjL hoey. srkfr ny 14 sfl qwk Pyr cox hI nhIN krvfeI. akflI- jnqf pfrtI srkfr ny 1979 ivc muV coxF krvfeIaF. ienHF coxF ivc iBMzrF-mihqf jwQf ny akflIaF dy iKlfP keI sItF lVIaF pr isrP 8 sItF hI ijwq sky. BfvyN akflIaF ny srkfrI qfkq dI KuwlHI vrqoN kIqI pr akflI muKflPF dI hfr dy kfrn keI hor vI sn. ies mgroN 17 sfl Pyr coxF nhIN hoeIaF. ienHF coxF vyly qwk KfVkU lihr df jvfl af cuwkf sI ies krky ies vfr vI akflI muKflP 140 ivcoN isrP 9 sItF hI ijwq sky. ienHF ivcoN vI ismrnjIq isMG mfn dIaF 8 qy iek afjLfd sI.

2004 dIaF coxF ivc pujIsLn pihlLIaF coxF vflI nhIN. 1998-99 ivc bfdl tOhVf iBV pey qF tOhVf nfl 55 qy bfdl nfl 120 mYNbr rhy. jy awj tOhVf huMdy qy AunHF dI bfdl nfl ‘eykqf’ nf hoeI huMdI qF bVI jLbrdsq twkr huMdI. hux ismrnjIq isMG mfn, rvIieMdr isMG, BfeI rxjIq isMG, bfdl qoN bfgI hoey Ausdy Kfs sfQI, tOhVf DVy dy bfgI iewkTy hn. BfvyN ienHF nfl dl Kflsf qy Kflsf pMcfieq vI hn pr AunHF kol sfry pMjfb ivc 2-4 hjLfr vot vI nhIN hoxI. ies qoN ielfvf hux sihjDfrIaF dy nF hyT ihMdU vot vI nhIN hY. ieMj hI bfdl dI srkfr vI nhIN. bfdl DVy dy bhuqy AumIdvfr iswKI qoN kohF dUr hn. keIaF ny qF aMimRq vI ajy kwlH hI Cwikaf hY. bfdl dy 75 PIsdI AumIdvfrF dy puwqr mony hn. ies krky ienHF coxF dy nqIjy vwKry hoxgy, sLfied iblkuwl vwKry qy afs qoN Ault. pr asl qsvIr qF 11 julfeI dI lok rfie qy hI munwsr hY.

“ irafsq ivc irafsq ” hY sLRomxI kmytI

-hrbIr isMG BMvr –

pMjfb ivc rfj akflIaF df hovy jF kFgrs df ,isWK-pMQ dI isrmOr sMsQf sLRomxI gurduafrf pRbMDk kmytI hmysLf aKLbfrF dIaF surKIaF ivc CfeI rihMdI hY.cMzIgVH pMjfb dI kyvl pRsLfsk(Administrative) rfjDfnI hY jdoN ik pMjfb dI Dfrimk qy isafsI rfjDfnI aMimRqsr hI hY Auh vI sLRomxI kmytI kMplYks.pMjfb dI sfrI isafsq ies duafly hI GuMmdI hY.pRmUK akflI afgU pMQ rqn jwQydfr gurcrn isMG tOhVf vrgI mhfn sKLsLIaq ny lgpg 26 vrHy ies sMsQf dy pRDfn dy ahudy `qy sLsoiBq rih ky ies dI mhwqqf hor vI vwDf idqI hY.ies nUM iswKf dI imMnI-pfrlImYNt ikhf jfx lgf hY.

gurduafrf aYkt-1925 anusfr hoNd ivc afeI ieh sMsQf axvMzy pMjfb,ijs ivc mOjUdf pMjfb,hirafxf,ihmfcl aqy pfiksqfnI pMjfb vI sLfiml sI, dy sfry ieiqhfisk gurduafiraF df pRbMD dyKdI rhI hY .sLRomxI kmytI ivsLv Br ivc gurduafrf sfihbfn dI mrXfdf Aqy ivsLv Be dy iswKF dy Dfrimk ihwqF dI rfKI leI Xqn krdI rhI hY,ijs kfrn ivsLv Br dy iswK ies vl vyKdy rihMdy hn.

ivsLv Br ivc jmhUrI ZMg nfl cuxI geI apxI iksm dI ieh pihlI ajyhI sMsQf hY jo Dfrimk asQfxf df pRbMD dyK rhI hY,ijs dy ihsfb ikqfb df afizt srkfr vloN kIqf jFdf hY aqy ijs df apxf juzIsLl kimsn HhY.iswK-pMQ ny ies dI pRfpqI leI bVf lMbf aqy sLfqmeI sMGwrsL kIqf,morcy lgfey,jylHF BrIaF,aMgryjL srkfr dI puils hQoN aMnHf qsLwdd brdfsLq kIqf.ieho kfrn hY ik afm iswKF dy jLjLbfq sLRomxI kmytI aqy sLRomxI akflI dl, ijs ny ies sLMGwrsL dI agvfeI kIqI,nfl juVy hoey hn.iswK imslF,rfijaF mhfrfijaF ivsLysL kr ky mhfrfjf rxjIq isMG ny gurU sfihbfn dy jIvn nfl sbMDq gurduafrf sfihbfn dy nfm jfgIrF aqy jLmInF jfiedfdF lgvfeIaF.mhfrfjf rxjIq isMG dI mOq qo QoVy sflF bfad hI iswK srdfrF dI afpsI Puwt qy zogiraF dI gwdfrI kfrn pMjfb nUM aMgryjLI rfj ivc sLfiml kr ilaf igaf.mhMq qy pujfrI jo ienHF gurduafiraF dI dyK Bfl kr rhy sn,nUM aMgryjLF dI srpRsqI iml geI.mhMqF qy pujfrIaF ny gurduafiraF dI afmdnI df durAupXog sLurU kr idqf,keI sLfhfnf TfT nfl rihx lgy qy aYsL krn lgy , gurduafrf jfiedfdF nUM inwjI jfgIr smJ ky ivvhfr krn lgy.gurDfmF ivc gurmiq mrXfdf df iKlvfV hox lgf qy keI qrHF dy kukwrm hox lgy.pMQ drdI iswKF ny gurduafrf suDfr lihr sLurU kIqI,ijs nUM afm iswKF df BrvF huMgfrf imilaf aqy ieh iek sLkqIsLflI lihr bx geI.keI morcy lgy, sfky vrqyw,zFgF vrHIaf,golIaF clIaF aqy sLhIdIaF hoeIaF.anumfn hY ik pMj sO isMG sLhId hoey,hjLfrF hI srkfrI qsLwdd kfrn aMghIn ho ky nkfrf ho gey,qIh hjLfr isMGF ny jylHF dIaf kfl koTVIaF dIaf musLwkqF JlIaF (ies pwqrkfr dy ipqf s[hrnfm isMG ipMz pKovfl ijLlf luiDafxf,qfieaf s,sLyr isMG aqy mfmf jI s[kyhr isMG iklf rfeypur ny ies sMGwrsL dOrfn jylHF ktIaf ) ,AunHf Bly jLmfinaf ivc jdoN iek rupY iklo dysI iGE iml jFdf sI,15 lwK rupY dy jurmfny Bry aqy hjLfrF iswKF ny srkfrI ahuidaF qoN pRfpq pYnsLnF qoN hwQ Doxy pey.

gurduafry afjLfd krvfAyux leI keI morcy lgy.kFgrs ny ies sMGrsL ivc akflLIaF df pUrf sfQ idqf.pMzq jvfhr lfl nihrU ny jYqo dy morcy ivc jyl ktI.jdoN cfbIaF df morcf Piqh kIqf,mhfqmf gFDI ny iek qfr ijs df mjLmUn sI –“ ihdMusqfn dI afjLfdI dI pihlI lVfeI ijwq leI. vDfeI hovy-aYm[ky[ gFDI ” rfhIN akflI dl dy qqkflI pRDfn bfbf KVk isMG nUM vwDfeI idqI.

ies sMGwrsL dOrfn 12 akqUbr 1920 nUM sRI drbfr sfihb aqy sRI akfl qKLq sfihb pujfrIaF qoN afjLfd krvfey.sMgqF ny BfeI qyjf isMG Bucr nUM akfl qKLq sfihb df jwQydfr Qfp idqf.jQydfr ny iek hukmnfmf jfrI kr ky 15 nvMbr 1920 nUM iek pMQk iekwT bulf ilaf.imQy idn pMQk iekwqRqf ny akfl qKq ivKy afjLfd krvfey gey gurDfmF df prbMD clfAux vfsqy 175 aMimRqDfrI rihqvfn isMGF dI cox kIqI ijs nUM sLRomxI gurduafrF pRbMDk kmytI df nF idqf igaf, srdfr suMdr isMG mjITIaf ies dy pihly pRDfn Qfpy gey. sMGrsL jfrI rKx leI iek jwQybMdI dI loV nUM anuBv kridaf iek hor hukmnfmy rfhIN 14 dsMbr nUM akfl qKLq ivKy iek hor pMQk iekwT bulf ilaf,ies idn sLRomxI akflI dl dI sQfpxf kIqI geI.s[ srmuK isMG Jbfl nUM ies dy pihly pRDfn hox df mfx imilaf.

afKLr iswKF df isdk rMg ilafieaf.aMgryjL srkfr nUM hr morcy dOrfn Jukxf ipaf aqy 21 PrvrI 1925 nUM pMjfb srkfr ny gurduafrf ibl df KrVf pRkfisLq kr ky qslIm kIqf ik (axvMzy) pMjfb dy ieiqhfisk gurduafiraF df pRbMD df aiDkfr pMjfb ivc vsdy iswKf nUM sONpxf prvfn kIqf.ieh ibl pfs hox nfl iswK bIbI pihlI BfrqI aOrq hY ijs nUM vot pfAux df aiDkfr pRfpq hoieaf. pfrlImYNt qy sUbfeI asYNblIaF ivc iesqRIaF leI 33 PIsdI stF rfKvIaF krn leI ipCly 4-5 sfl qoN rOlf pY irhf hY,sihmqI nhIN bx rhI pr sLRomxI kmytI ivc iesqIaF leI 30 sItF rfKvIaF hn.Aukq aYkt nUM gvrnr pMjfb ny 28 julfeI 1925 nUM pRvfngI idqI qy pihlI nvMbr qoN ieh aYkt lfgU ho igaf.pwCmI dysLF ivc pfrlImYNtrI isstm dy mfzl Auqy bixaf ieh aYkt iek ieiqhfisk dsqfvyjL hY.ies aYkt aDIn pihlIaF gurduarf coxf 1926 ivc hoeIaf,ijs AuprMq bfbf KVk isMG pihly pRDfn cuxy gey.

aYkt lfgU hox ipCoN pMjfb dy dirafvF ivc bhuq pfxI vih cukf hY.pihlf gurduafrf coxf hr iqMn sfl ipCoN huMdIaF sn,1926 dIaF pihlIaF coxF AuprMq 1930,1933, 1936 qy 1939 ivc hoeIaF.jUn 1942 ivc hukmrfn XunIainst pfrtI qy akflI dl ivckfr hoey iek smJOqy ijs nUM iskMdr hXfq KF-bldyv isMG pYkt ikhf jFdf hY, ipCoN ieh imafd pMj sfl kr idqI geI qF aglIaF coxF 1944 ivc hoeIaF.agwsq 1947 ivc dysL-vMz kfrn awDf pMjfb pfiksqfn ivc rih igaf,ijs nfl lgpg 180 ieiqhfisk gurduafry AuDr rih gey gurduafiraF df pRbMD vkPL borz krn lgf qy hux iply kuJ sflF qoN pfiksqfn gurduafrf pRbMDk kmytI dyK rhI hY.ieDr pUrbI pMjfb dI srkfr nUM dysL-vMz ipCoN sB qoN vzI smwisaf pfiksqfn qoN AujV ky afey lKF hI sLrnfrQI pirvfrF dy punrvfs dI sI,ijs kfrn 1949 ivc gurduafrf coxF nf ho skIaF. aglIaF coxf 1955,1960 qy 1965 ivc hoeIaF.

Bfsf dy afDfr qy pMjfb dy punrgTn nfl pihlI nvMbr 1966 nUM iqMn tukVy ho gey,pMjfb (pMjfbI sUbf),hirafxf qy ihmfcl ijs kfrn ieh aYkt iek kyNdrI aYkt bx igaf.hux gurduafrf coxf krvfAuxf kyNdr srkfr dy aiDkfr Kyqr ivc af igaf,ijs kfrn kdI vI smyN isr coxf nhIN hoeIaF. jnvrI 1965 ipCoN aglIaf coxf 1970 ivc hoxIaF cfhIdIaF sn pr ieh mfrc 1979 ivc hoeIaF.ies qoN aglIaf coxf 1984 dI vjfey akqUbr 1996 ivc hoeIaF hn.hux coxF akqUbr 2001 ivc hoxIaf cfhIdIaf sn,lgpg iqMn sfl dI dyrI nfl 11 julfeI nUM ho rhIaF hn.pihlI vfrI sihjDfrI iswKF nUM gurduafrf coxF ivc vot dyx df aiDkfr nhIN hoey gf.

smyN dy bIqx nfl sLRomxI kmytI bhuq hI sLkqIsLflI sMsQf bx geI hY.iswKF qy pMj qKLqF ivc iqMn qKLqF dy jwQydfrF aqy srboqm pfvn asQfx sRI drbfr sfihb,aMimRqsr dy hYz-gRMQI dI inXukqI ies vloN kIqI jFdI hY.ies dy sLkqIsLflI hox kfrn hI akflIaF dy sfry DVy ies qy kbjLf krn df Xqn krdy hn.kfbjL DVy nUM Dfrimk prcfr dy nF hyT apxf prcfr krn leI gurpurbF,ieiqhfisk idhfiVaF,hr mhIny misaf,pUrnmfsLI qy sMgrFd vfly idn gurduairaf ivc iqafrsLudf styj aqy sMgq iml jfdI hY.iswK isafsq ivc ijs DVy df sLRomxI kmytI qy kbjLf hovy,AuhI aslI akflI dl mMinaF jFdf hY.iesy leI ikhf jFdf hY ik “sLRomxI kmytI ibnf akflI dl KflI dl hY.“ sLRomxI kmytI dIaF jnrl coxf iswK lIzrisLp bfry vI Pwqvf idMdIaF hn.aMgryjLI dI iek khfvq hY ,“styt ividn id styt” ( State within the State ) ijs df Bfv hy “irafsq ivc irafsq” jF “slqnwq aMdr slqnwq ”.pRiswD pwqrkfr KusLvMq isMG ny iek vfrI iliKaf sI ik iswKf dy mfmly ivc pMjfb dy muK mMqrI nfloN sLRomxI kmytI dy pRDfn df ahudf ijLafdf mhwqvpUnrn hY.ies pwqrkfr df ivcfr hY ik sLRomxI kmytI vIhvIN sdI ivc iswKf dI sB qoN vwzI pRfpqI hY.ies sMsQf nUM “ iswKF dI imMnI-pfrlImYt” df nF vI ies pwqrkfr ny hI idqf hY.

vfkeI “irafsq ivc irafsq ” hY sLRomxI kmytI.ieh iswK-pMQ dI sLfn hY,mfx hY]

sLRomxI kmytI dy pRDfn

-hrbIr isMG BMvr –

iswKF dI imMNnI-pfrlImYNt sLRomxI gurduafrf pRbMDk kmytI dy pRDfn iswK isafsq ivc bVy pRBfvsLflI rhy hn.iehI krn hY ik akflIaF dy sfry DV sLRomxI kmytI qy kbjLf krn qy pRDfngI dy ahudy leI isr DV dI bfjLI lgf idMdy hn.

sLRomxI kmytI dy lgpg sfry pRDfn isK isafsq ivc bVy pRBfvsLflI rhy hn.ienHF co bfbf KVk isMG qy mfstr qfrf isMG smyq keI Qf sLRomxI kmytI dy nfl nfl sLRomxI akflI dl dy vI pRDfn rhy.bfbf KVk isMG nUM “ iswKF df byqfj bfdsLfh ” ikhf jFdf sI.AunHf dy mhfqmf gFDI,pMzq moqI lfl nihrU,jvfhr lfl nihrU smyq kfgrs dy sInIar nyqfvF nfl vI bVy cMgy sbMD sn.ipCoNN Auh kFgrs ivc hI sfiml ho gey.mfstr qfrf isMG lgpg 40 sfl iswK isafsq qy Cfey rhy qy ies dOrfn keI vfrI sLRomxI kmytI dy pRDfn bxy. AunHF nUM “ pMQ rqn ” dI ApfDI nfl snmfinq kIqf igaf sI.

pMjfb dy mrhUm muK mMqrI prqfp isMG kYroN ny apxI isafsq sLRomxI kmytI df mYNbr bx ky hI sLurU kIqI sI.sfbkf ivdysL mMqrI svrn isMG dy ipqf prqfp isMG sLMkr 1933-34 ivc sLRomxI kmytI dy pRDfn rhy hn.mrhUm muK mMqrI lCmn isMG igl vI sLRomxI kmytI dy mYNbr rhy hn.julfeI 1955 ivc sLomxI kmytI df pRDfn cuxy jfx vfly igafn isMG rfVyvflf pYpsU dy muK mMqrI qy pMjfb ivc mMqrI rhy sn.AunHf dI bytI bIbI inrlyp kOr bhuq lMby smyN leI sRomxI kmytI dI mYNbr qy pfrlImYNt dI mYNbr rh hn.mfstr qfrf isMG nUM 1958 ivc kyvl iqMNn votF dy Prk nfl hrf ky sLRomxI kmytI dy pRDfn cuxy jfx vfly pRym isMG lflpurf iek vfrI pMjfb ivDfn pRIsLd qy iqMn vfrI ivDfn sBf leI cuxy gey. Auh PrvrI 1998 ivc qrn qfrn qoN lok sBf dy mYNbr vI cuxy gey sn,pr suKbIr isMG bfdl nUM kyNdr ivc mMqrI bxfAux dy ros vjoN inrDfirq idnF dy aMdr suMh nf cukI ijs kfrn Aup-cox krvfAuxI peI.sMq cMnx isMG kfPI lMby smy leI pRDfn rhy,Auh akflI dl dy qqkflI pRDfn sMq Piqh isMG dy bVy nyVy sn qy iswK rfjnIqI ivc vI bVy pRBfvsLflI rhy.

jQydfr gurcrn isMG tOhVf sB qoN vwD lMby smyN leI pRDfn rhy qy isWK rfjnIqI ivc ipCly 30-35 sflF qoN Cfey rhy sn.mqbyd pYdf hox qy akflI dl dy pRDfn qy qqkflI mMqrI pRkfsL isMG bfdl nUM AunHF nUM sLRomxI kmytI dI pDRfngI qoN lfhux leI apxI srkfr dI sfrI sLkqI,vsIly qy srkfrI msLInrI dI durvrqoN krnI peI sI.ipCly vrHy AunHF dI iPr eykqf ho geI sI qy jQydfr tOhvf iPr pRDfn bx gey sn aqy 31 mfrc 2004 rfq nUM afpxf afKLrI sfh lYx qk ies dy pRDfn rhy.AunHF dIaF pMQk syvfvF dI mfnqf vjoN sRI akfl qKLq sfihb vloN AunHF nUM sLrDFjlI smfgm smyN ‘pMQ rqn” dI AupfDI nfl snmfnq kIqf igaf..sfl 1999 dOrfn AunHf dI QF bxI pRDfn sLRImqI jfgIr kOr bfdl srkfr ivc mMqrI sn,hux dUjI vfrI ivDfiek cuxy gey hn.agly pRDfn jwQydfr jgdyv isMG qlvMzI akflI dl dy 1977-80 ivc pRDfn rhy,lok sBf qy rfj sBf dy mYNbr rhy.AunHf nUM akflIaf dy loh-pursL ikhf jFdf hY.pOY[ ikrpfl isMG bzUMgr,ijNnHF jwQydfr tOhVF leI 20 julfeI nUM asqIPf dy idqf, mwuK mMqrI bfdl dy E[aYs[zI[ rhy hn.

sLRomxI kmytI dy hux qk rhy pRDfn

-hrbIr isMG BMvr –

jQydfr gurcrn isMG tOhVf sB qoN lMby smy leI sLRomxI kmytI dy pRDn rhy hn.AunHf qoN ibnf mfstr qfrf isMG qy sMq cMnx isMG vI lMby smy leI ahudy qy rhy.hux qk pRDfnF dI sUcI ies qrHF hY:-

1-suMdr isMG mjIiTaf – 15[11[1920 qoN 14[8[21,

(2)bfbf KVk isMg –14[8[21 qoN 19[2[22[

(3)suMdr isMG rfmgVHIaf –19[2[22 qoN 16[7[22,

(4 )mihqfb isMG- 16[7[22 qoN 27[4[25

(5),mMgl isMG –22[7[25 qoN 2[10[26 gurduafrf aYkt lfgU hox ipCoN bxy pRDfn:-

(6)-bfbf KVk isMG- 2[10[26 qoN 12[10[30

(7) mf[ qfrf isMG-12[10[30 qoN 17[6[33

(8) gopfl isMG kOmI-17[6[33 qoN 18[6[33,

(9)pRqfp isMG sLMkr- 18[6[33 qoN 13[6[36

(10) mf[ qfrf isMG – 13[6[36 qoN 19 [44

(11)jwQydfr mohn isMG nfgoky –19[11[44 qoN 28[6[46

(12)jwQydfr AUDm isMG nfgoky-28[6[46 qoN 18[3[50,

(13) jwQydfr cMnx isMG-18[3[50 qoN 26[11[50

(14) AUDm isMG nfgogy-26[11[50 qoN 29[6[52

(15) mfstr nfhr isMG- 29[6[52 qoN 5[10[52

(16) pRIqm isMG KVuMj-5[10[52 qo 18[1[54,

(17) eIsLr isMG mJYl-18[1[54 qoN 7[2[55,

(18) mf[ qfrf isMG- 7[2[55 qoN 21[5[55 ,

(19) bfvf hrikRsLn isMG-21[5[55 qoN 7[7[55,

(20) igafn isMG rfVyvflf- 7[7[55 qoN 16[10[55,

(21) mf[ qfrf isMG –16[10[55 qoN 16[11[58

(22) pRym isMG lflpurf- 16[11[58 qoN 7[3[60,

(23) mf[ qfrf isMG-7[3[60 qoN 30[4[60,

(24) ajIq isMG bflf-30[4[60 qoN 10[3[61,

(25) mf[ qfrf isMG –10[3[61 qoN 11[3[62,

(26) ikrpfl isMG ck sLyryvflf- 11[3[62 qoN 2[10[62

(27) sMq cMnx isMG-2[10[62 qoN 30[11[72

(28) gurcrn isMG tOhVf-6[1[73 qoN 23[3[86,

(29) kfbl isMG- 23[3[86 qoN 30[11[86

(30) gurcrn isMG tOhVf- 30[11[86 qoN 28[11[90,

(31) bldyv isMG isbIaf-28[11[90 qoN 13[11[91

(32) gurcrn isMG tOhVf-13[11[91 qoN 16[3[99 ,

(33)jfgIr kOr-16[3[99 qoN 29[11[2000,

(34) jwQydfr jgdyv isMG qlvMzI- 29[11[2000 qoN 27[11[2001

(35) pRo[ ikrpfl isMG bzUMgr- 27[11[01 qo 20 julfeI 03[

(36) alivMdrpfl isMG pwKoky 20[7[03 qoN 27 julfeI qk aqy jwQydfr gurcrn isMG tOhVf 27 julfeI qoN 31 mfrc 04 qk pRDfn rhy hn. pihlI aprYl qoN jwQydfr alivMdrpfl isMG pKoky kfrjkfrI pRDfn vjoN syvf kr rhy hn.

sLRomxI kmytI dIaF coxF qoN bfad nvyN cuxy gey mYNbrf bfry aiDaYn krn qoN pqf lgdf hY ik pihlIaF coxF qoN hI ies sMsLQf leI bVy hI pVHy ilKy qy iswKI iswdk vfly mYNbr cux ky afuuNdy rhy hn.ienHF ivc vDyry kr ky aiDafpk,vkIl qy pwqrkfr kfPLI igxqI ivc huMdy sn.Aus smyN pMjfbI aKLbfrF qy pqRkfvF dy lgpg sfry sMpfdk sLRomxI kmytI dy mYNbr cuxy jFdy rhy hn.pihlIaF keI coxF ivc vDyry kr ky Auh guriswK ivakqI mYNbr cuxy gey jo gurdafrf suDfr lihr nfl juVy hoey sn.dysL dI afjLfdI ivc ihwsf lYx vfly anykF suqMqRqf sYnfnI vI gurduafrf coxf lV ky mYNbr bxdy rhy hn.drasl sLRomxI kmytI df mYNbr bx ky iswK isafsq ivc sQfpq hox ivc bhuq sOKf ho jFdf sI.sLRomxI kmytI dy cfr mYNbr pRqfp isMG kYroN,igafnI gurmuK isMG msfiPLr, jsits gurnfm isMG qy lCmx isMG igl agy jf ky pMjfb dy muK mMqrI bxy jdoN ik igafn isMG rfVyvflf pYpsU dy muK mMqrI (dysL dy pihly gYr-kFgrsI muK mMqrI) bxy.ies qrHF sLrmxI kmytI dy do mYNbrF huk isMG qy guridafl isMG iZloN nUM lok sBf dy spIkr dy ahudy `qy sLsoiBq hox df mfx hfsl hY jdoN ik hukm isMG qy Aujl isMG ny gvrnr vjoN vI ies sMsQf df gOrv vDfieaf.mYNbr pfrlImYNt, aYm[aYl[ey[ qy pMjfb ivc mMqrI dy ahudy qk phuMcx vfly qf drjnF hI mYNbr hn

sB qoN pihlIaF coxf (1926) ivc cxy jfx vfly mNbrF ivc drsLn isMG PyrUmfn,AUDm isMG nfgoky, amr isMG aYzItr sLyry pMjfb, 1930 dIaF coxF smyNhukm isMG, sMq pRym isMG murfryvfly (Auh 1944 qk hr cox smyN cuxy jFdy rhy hn),mMgl isMG aYzItr akflI, 1930 dIaF coxF dOrfm BfeI mohn isMG vYd,Aujl isMG jdoN ik s[syvf sMG TikrIvflf nfmjLd kIqy mYNbrF ivc sLfiml sn. 1933 dIaF coxf ivc pRqfp isMG kYroN (Auh aglIaF do coxf smyN vI ijqy) qy sLyr isMG aYzItr kOmI drd,1936 ivc sfbkf ivdysL mMqrI mrhUm svrn isMG dy ipqf prqfp isMG sLMkr jo ipCoN sLRomxI kmytI dy pRDfn vI bxy qy igafnI gurmuK isMG msfiPLr,1939 ivc sohn isMG jlfl AusmF,mfstr qfrf isMG dy nFa nfl pwqrkfr iliKaf hoieaf imldf hY qy BfeI KusI rfm Kfnyvfl (mulqfn) jo hux qk ieko iek sihjDfrI mYNbr cuxy gey hn ,1944 ivc ig[amr isMG dosFJ aYzItr akflI pqirkf qy guridafl isMG iZloN, 1955 ivc afl eMZIaF iswK stUzYNts PYzrysLn dy bfnI pRDfn srUp isMG klHf qy jwQydfr jgdyv isMG qlvMzI dy ipqf jwQydfr CFgf isMG, 1960 ivc jwQydfr gurcrn isMG tOhVf (pihlI vfrI), lCmx isMG igl,,jwQydfr mohn isMG quV, pihlI vfrI ieko ipMz pKovfl ijLlf luiDAfxf dy igafnI bcn isMg y hirnfm isMG do vwK vwK hlikaf qoN mYNbr cuxy gey aqy 1965 ivc jsits gurnfm isMG (nfmjLd) mYNbr bxy.

akflIaF vloN sLRomxI kmytI dIaF coxf leI itktF dyx smyN bIbIaF nfl hY.sqMbr 1996 dIaF coxF smyN dyvy goVf srkfr ny bIbIaF leI 30 sItF ivqkrf huMdf irhf rfKvIaF kr idqIaF sn.ies qoN pihlF 1926 qoN lY ky 1996 qk kyvl iqMn bIbIaf- kMvrfnI jgdIsL kOr,bIbI jfgIr kOr PgUvflIaf qy bIbI inrlyp kOr dy mYNbr cuxy jfx bfry pqf lgdf hY.