sMn 1947 ivwc iswK lizrisLp vloN Bfrq rUpI aKOqI vwzy Brf nfl iml ky rihx df qjLrbf bVf iGnfAuxf aqy kuVwqx vflf hox qoN ielfvf Gfqk vI irhf hY | ies sFJ ivc lwKF iswKF dIaF jfnF geIaF aqy lwKF hI iswK byGr ho ky rih gey hn . byGr aqy rfjhIx kOmF nfl dunIaF Br ivwc aijhy hI slUk hoey hn . ies swc nMU lY ky roxf ipwtxf qF suBfivk hI hY pr iesqoN awgy qurnf, kuwJ kr gujLrn vflIaf socF df sRoq hoieaf krdf hY .

srkfr vloN iswKF nfl kIqy jFdy ivqkry aqy iswKI Aupr kIqy jFdy aMdrUnI hmilaF ny 1980ivaF dOrfn DrmXuwD morcy nMU jnm idwqf sI . lwKF jfnF jfx dy bfad BfvyN pfpx ieMdrf dI nUMh sonIaf gFDI ny iewk cox rYlI dOrfn ipCly sfl cMzIgVH ivwc iswKF qoN muafPI vI mMg leI sI pr ieh iswKI Aupr aMdrUnI hmly awj vI mkfr bRhmxvfdIaF vloN jfrI hn. hfl hI ivwc rIlIjL hoeI ikqfb "qbY ros jfigE" ivwc hjLfrF aijhy qwQ mOjUd hn jo ienHF hmilaF dI nMgI qdvIr pysL krdy hn . ies hPqy Kflsf pMcfieq vloN jfrI kIqI geI jfxkfrI anusfr BfnMU mUrqI nfm vfly aKOqI ivdvfn vloN gurbfxI Aupr ijs ZMg nfl hmlf kIqf igaf hY ieh nf kfblymuafP hY .

ienHF bOiDk hmilaF aqy sRI drbfr sfihb Aupr POjLI hmly qoN bfad Kfilsqfn dy aYlfn nfl iswK afvfm dy mnF aMdr ienklfbI soc pRbl hoeI sI aqy iewk dhfkf bVy josoL GrosL nfl cwlI . ijQy iswK ihrdyaF ivc kOmI Gr dI cIs pYdf hoeI iblkul Aus dy nfl srkfrI pRfpygMzf msLInrI vI ies dhfky ivwc afpxI kfrvfeI ivwc qyjLI nfl iswKF nMU bdnfm krn qoN ielfvf AunHF dI lihr nMU hfeIjYk krn leI dunIaf dy kony kony ivwc afpxI cfxikaf nIqI qihq rMg ivKfAuNdI rhI . Kfilsqfn sMGrsL dy keI sMcflk vI jfxy axjfxy ivwc ies pRfpygMzf msLInrI dy purijLaF vjoN BUimkf inBfAuNdy rhy, PlsrUp ieh sMcflk afpo Dfp ivwc lIro lIr ho gey aqy Bfrq dI dysL BgqI nMU hor inKfr afAux lwgf . ieh suBfvk sI ik soc qoN swKxy lok srkfr dI cfxikaf nIqI awgy itwk nhIN sn skdy, nqIjf vI ieho ijhf hI inkilaf ik dunIaF Br dy iswK inwky inwky msilaF Auqy afps ivwc AulJ ky rih gey aqy srkfr dy numfieMdy ienHF ivwc bYT ky kmFz sMBflx ivwc vI sPl ho gey . ieh kmFz KfilsqfnI guwtF jF KfilsqfnI sMcflkF dI soc dy rUp ivwc sfhmxy afeI hY .

trFto ivwc sMn 1981 ivwc Kfilsqfn dy nfhiraF qoN hoey qkrfr sdkf ieMzIan kONslyt dy dPqr sfhmxy cwlI golI Bfrq srkfr vloN trFto dI iswK kimAUntI ivwc kIqI jfx vflI GuwspYT dI sLurUafq sI aqy ies qoN bfad srkfr iswKF dy hr kfrj ivwc BfrU rhI hY . awj iswK dI soc 15 agsq aqy 26 jnvrI vrgy kfly idvsF nMU kbUlx qwk plIq ho cuwkI hY aqy ienHF df sB qoN vwzf muwdf gurduafiraF qy kfbjL hoxf jF afpxy iksy ivroDI nMU iTwbI lf ky iKV jfx qwk sImq ho ky rih igaf hY .

keI vfr qF aijhf vI mihsUs huMdf hY ik ijhVy iswK afgU bfhF Aulfr Aulfr ky Kfilsqfn dI afjLfdI dIaF AuWcI sur ivwc gwlF kiraf krdy sn Auh awj ies sMGrsL pRqI suihrd nhIN hn . ieh myrf pRBfv glq vI ho skdf hY pr aYsf pRBfv Cwzxf vI shI nhIN hY . agr iswK nMU afpxy dusLmx aqy dosq dI pihcfx krn ivwc 20-25 sfl df smF lgf skdf hY qF afjLfdI leI qF keI jnm lwg skdy hn .

trFto ivwc iswK mIzIey dI gYr hfjLrI aqy pMjfbI dy nF qy pnp rhy mIzIey dI Brmfr ny ies KfilsqfnI soc dI gwzI nMU lIhoN lfhux ivwc aihm BUimkf inBfeI hY . KfilsqfnI jrnYlF dy sLhIdI idnF nMU BulfAuxf aqy rwKVI/vrq/vYlntfeIn vrgy KfmKfh iqAuhfrF nMU kmrsLlfeIjL krnf ies mIzIey dI dyx hY . vYsfKI vrgy mhfn iqAuhfr nMU nwcx twpx vfly iqAuhfr vjoN AuBfrn vflf mIzIaf inrsMdyh iswKI isDFqF df iKlvfV krn df ijLMmyvfr hY . Auprokq muwdy iswK lIzrisLp dy iDafn dI mMg krdy hn pr aPsos ies gwl df hY ik kOmI msilaF pRqI socx dI bjfey bhuigxqI afgU jo afpxy afp nMU "syvfdfr" aKvFAudy nhIN Qwkdy kOmI sLkqI nMU duPfV krn dIaF hrkqF ivc msrUP hY .

mIzIaf iksy smfj dy kMn aqy awKF hoieaf krdf hY . smfj dI qrwkI leI ieh jLrUrI hY ik mIzIaf iksy msly dI gihrfeI qwk puwjx aqy AusnMU mihsUs krky afpxy pfTkF/sRoiqaF jF drsLkF qwk phuMcfAux dy kfbl hoxf cfhIdf hY . mIzIey dI pRPuwlqf vI smfj dI ijLMmyvfrI hoieaf krdI hY . ijs smfj dI sMpqI mIzIey nMU mjLbUq bxfAux aqy Aus Aupr njLr rwKx ivwc PylH ho jFdI hY Aus smfj df mIzIaf aMnf aqy bolHf ho jFdf hY jo smfj nMU vI aMinaF aqy aqy boilHaF vFg kr idMdf hY . aijhI sUrq ivwc koeI vI smfj shI idsLf vwl vyKx aqy socx jogf nhIN rihMdf ijs sdkf Ausdy kdm kdy vI ivkfs vwl nhIN vwD skdy .

aYsy hI kuwJ hflfq hn sfzy iswK smfj dy bxy hoey hn ijs krky aijhy hflfqF ivwc svY-pVcolH hI iewk aijhf sfDn hY jo ivgVI suafrn df muwZ bMn skdf hY . Kfilsqfn Bfv afjLfdI df sMklp kOmI BivwK df mjLmUn hY . ieh iGrxf, sfVf, mfrDfV jF smfj ivwc jLihr Golx vflIaF sLkqIaF nMU nsLt krn vflf nusKf hY . ieh smfijk guxF nMU kRmbwD krky iewk cMgf smfj isrjx df vsIlf hY . ieh Auh sfDn hY ijs rfhIN gurUafsLy anusfr jIvn bqIq krn dy sfDn muheIaf ho skdy hn . ieh iswK dI mfniswk avsQf nMU skUn dyx dI dvf hY . ieh srbwq dy Bly nMU dunIaF ivwc rUpmfn krn vflI Auh iKVkI hY ijs rfhIN gurU sfihb dy dIdfr ho skdy hn . Kfilsqfn (afjLfdI) df sMklp gurU sfihbfn dI KusLI df mjLmUn hY . ieh koeI bygfnI gwl nhIN sgoN dunIaf dy amn psMd lokF dI izksLnrI ivwc Aukiraf Auh awKr hY ijs nMU dunIaF df hr mnuwK apxfAuxf cfhuMdf hY . Kfilsqfn df sMklp dunIaF dI pMcfieq "XunfeItz nysLn" dy "XUnIvrsl zYklrysLn afP ihAUmn rfeIts" dy Gyry ivwc afAux vflI Auh scfeI hY ijs nMU iswK rfjnIqkF dI nlfiekI jF dunIaF dy lokF ny afpxI grjLF ihwq axgOilaF kIqf hoieaf hY.

amrIkf ivwc vfprI 9/11 dI Gtnf ny sMsfr Br ivc afjLfdI df sMGrsL kr rhIaF kOmF nMU iewk aihm moV qy KVf kr idwqf hY . pwCmI mulkF dy rfjnIqk lok afjLfdI dy sMGrsL nMU awqvfd dy dYNq hyT dbf ky Bsm kr dyxf cfhuMdy hn aqy ies df Pfiedf Bfrq dy cfxikaF nIqI dy mfihr rfjnIqk vI lYx dI koisLsL ivwc hn .

ies mOky iswK kOm nMU dUsrIaF kOmF, jo lMmy smyN qoN afjLdI df sMGrsL kr rhIaF hn dy qOr qrIikaF nMU ghu nfl GoKx dI jrUrq hY . ksLmIrIaF aqy PlsqInIaF df afjLfdI df sMGrsL sfzy leI pRyrnf sRoq bx skdf hY . mOjUdf siQqI nMU iswK ieqhfs dy JroKy qoN ivcfrn nfl aijhI soc df jnm ho skdf hY jo iswK dy kdmF nMU idsLf pRdfn kr skdI hY .

myrI smJ anusfr iksy sLihr dy ngr kIrqn jF hor gurpurbF dy AuqsvF df pRbMD krn vfly anykF sLrDflU ho skdy hn pr afjLfdI dy sMGrsL pRqI suihrd aqy XqnsLIl hox vfly lok iksy vI smfj ivwc 10% qoN vwD nhIN hoieaf krdy . agr ieh 10% ngr kIrqnF aqy gurduafiraF dI isafsq ivwc AulJ ky rih jfx qF ies qoN vwzI inrfsqf hor kI ho skdI hY .