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PrvrI 1, 2007

‘vwzy GwlUGfry’ dIaF kurbfnIaF nUM afE isr df qfj bxfeIey

hrbMs isMG jMzflI

‘vwzf GwlUGfrf’, jy zUMGf socIey, qF dys dI afjfdI dI lVfeI ivwc isMGF vwloN kIqIaF mhfn kurbfnIaF df AuWcqm tfvr hY. sfry jfx dy hn ik ieh iswKF vwloN ihMdosqfn dI mfx-mirafdf muV bhfl krn dy XqnF dy pRqIkrm vjoN ivdysIaF vwloN kIqf igaf iswKF df mlIafmyt krn leI iewk vwzf BfrI hwlf sI. ijs dy kfrn kuwp rhIVy dy mYdfn ivwc ieh vwzf GwlUGfrf vfpiraf. ies ivwc iswKF ny igxqI ivwc afpxy nflLoN ikqy vwD ivdysIaF df jMm ky tfkrf kIqf. ijs ivwc dohF hI iDrF df byhwd jfnI qy mflI nuksfn hoieaf. ijs nflL ies XuwD Kyqr df cwpf cwpf mfnvI lhU nflL lflo lfl ho igaf.

pqf nhIN iknHF kfrnF kr ky iswKF dI dys dI afjLfdI leI lVI geI kohlUpIV ies lVfeI nUM kyNdr, prFqk srkfrF aqy sLRomxI prbMDk kmytI dy pihrydfrF ny awj qwk ikEN BulfeI rwiKaf. sgoN ienHF nUM cfhIdf qF ieh sI ik ies DrqI dy kx kx nUM aMbrF dy qfiraF vFg rusLnfAuNdy aqy jugF jugF qIkr ies qoN syD aqy cfnx prfpq krdy. KYr dyr afey drusq afey dI gwl qorn qoN pihloN QoVHf iswK ieiqhfs AuWqy ingHfh mfr lYxI AuWicq rhygI.

swcI gwl qF ieh hY ik gurU nfnk dyv jI ny ijs vkq qoN iswK Drm dI nINh rwKI hY, Aus smyN qoN hI iswK Drm aqy iswK kOm awj qwk iksy nf iksy rUp ivwc Coty jF vwzy GwlUGfiraF df sfhmxf krdI af rhI hY. ieh hmly BfvyN bIqy ivwc qlvfrF, qopF jF tYSkF dy rUp ivwc hoey qy jF iPr awj klm dy rUp ivwc ho rhy hn. ieh aMdrUnI eIrKf kr ky sdIaF qoN ieiqhfs ivwc huMdf afieaf hY. ijs vI iKwqy ivwc jF dys ivwc koeI kOm afpxf rfj Bfg df anMd mfxdI hovy qy afpxy inwq dy kfrobfr, afpxy Drm dI rihq mirXfdf ivwc rih ky krdI hovy EQy Auh dUsrI kOm aqy Drm dI hoNd nUM iblkuwl nhIN shfrdI. Auh afpxf hr hIlf vsIlf vrq ky Aus nUM mlIafmyt kr dyxf cfhuMdI huMdI hY.

iesy qrHF hI iswK Drm nflL huMdf afieaf hY aqy awj vI klmI rUp ivwc sfzy ieiqhfs nUM glq rUp dy ky klMkq kIqf jf irhf hY. iewQoN qIkr ik sfzy Dfrmk grMQF ivwc iGnfAuxI imlfvt kr ky ieh iswD krn dy Xqn kIqy jf rhy hn ik cirwqr hIx kivqf rUpI bfxI sfzy gurU dI bfxI hY. qF ik sfzy afAux vflLy ivwdvfn vfrsLF nUM sfzy gurUaF AuWqy AuSglLI AuTfAuxI sOKI ho jfvy.

ipClIaF sdIaF ivwc jo GwlUGfry hoie sn Auh qlvfr dy jor nflL hoie sn. iswK Drm jdoN hoNd ivwc afieaf qF Aus vylLy qfkqvr jfbr muslm Drm ies nUM dbfAux ivwc lwigaf hoieaf sI. ies Drm dy pYrokfr qy rihbr iswK Drm nUM PuwtI awK vI dyKxf nhIN cfhuMdy sn. iPr vI iswK Drm afpxy gurUaF dI iswiKaf dI joq afpxy msqk ivwc lY ky aqy asqrF sLsLqrF df DnI ho ky sdf smyN df hfxI vI irhf qy loV pYx AuWqy jfbr nflL twkr vI lYNdf irhf.

gurU goibMd isMG jI dy joqI joq smfAux qoN bfad iswK, bfbf bMdf isMG bhfdr dI kmfn hyT iekwTy hoxy sLurU hoey. jo iPr iewk PLOjI sMGTn df rUp Dfr igaf. BfvyN Aus vkq iswKF df muZlf insLfnf srhMd dy sUbydfr vjId KF qoN Coty sfihbjLfidaF dI sLhIdI df bdlf lYxf sI. prMqU AunHF ijwqF qoN ipwCoN iswKF dy mnF ivwc ieh gwl Gr kr geI sI ik muslmfn jrvfxy dUsry dysF qoN af ky sfzy AuWpr jbr julm kr rhy hn. asIN AunHF qoN afpxy ies dys nUM afjLfd krvfAuxf hY. ijwQy cfh AuWQy rfh. so iswK jrnYlF ny ies pfsy vI afpxIaF ivENq bMdIaF arMB idwqIaF.

jo isKr AuWqy cVHdf hY iPr Ausdf nIvfxF vwl afAuxf jLrUrI ho jfieaf krdf hY. so aOrMgjLyb dI mOq qoN ipwCoN mugLlF df sLfsn zfvF zol ho igaf. iswK vI Coty Coty gruwpF dy rUp ivwc afpxy jrnYlF dI kmfn hyT iekwTy hoxy afrMB ho gey. EDr aPLgfnIaF ny vI ihMdosqfn dy jobn aqy Dn AuWqy mYlLI awK rwKI hoeI sI. kfbl dy bfdsLfh aihmd sLfh abdflI ny ihMdosqfn nUM luwtx dI nIaq nflL ies AuWqy anykF hmly kIqy. Auh hr vyrI ihMdosqfn ivwcoN luwt dy mfl dy gwzy Brky aqy hjLfrF hI nOjuafn lVkIaF nUM afpxy nflL aPLgfinsqfn ivwc lY jFdf. ijwQy jf ky kfbl dy bjLfrF ivwc AunHF lVkIaF nUM bolI dy ky psLUaF vFg vyicaf jFdf sI.

jdoN aihmd sLfh abdflI pMjfb AuWpr ies qrHF df hmlf krdf aqy luwt dy mfl ivwc bhuq sfrf ‘Dn qy jobn’ lY ky muVdf sI qF iswK Cfpf mfr jMg dI ivDI vrq ky jMglF ivwcoN abdflI idaF kYSpF AuWqy tuwt pYNdy aqy kYd kIqIaF hoeIaF bIbIaF nUM Cuzf lYNdy aqy ijqnf hwQ lgdf luwt df mfl vI Koh ky lY afAuNdy. AunHF lVkIaF nUM Gro GrIN phuMcf idwqf jFdf. ieiqhfs ivwc pirMsIpl qyjf isMG ilKdy hn ik lwg pwg 2200 lVkIaF nUM aihmd sLfh abdflI qoN Cuzf ky iswKF vwloN AunHF dy Gr Gr phuMcfieaf igaf sI. ienHF kfrnF kr ky abdflI iswKF idaF ienHF hmilaF qoN nhuM nhuM qIkr duKI sI.

1761 eIsvI ivwc iswK pMjfb dy bhuq sfry BfgF ivwc PYl cuwky sn. AunHF ny aPLgfnIaF dy rfj Bfg df sfrf qfxf pytf qfr qfr kr idwqf sI. iswKF ny 27 akqUbr 1761 dI idvflLI dy mOky aMimRqsr ivwc iewk mqf pfs kIqf ik aihmd sLfh abdflI dy ijwQy ijwQy vI sUbydfr hn aqy jo dys dI afjLfdI dy rfh df roVf hn, AunHF QFvF AuWqy kbjLf kr ilaf jfvy. iesy sfl dy afKrI mhIny ivwc iswKF ny jMizaflLy nUM Gyrf pf ilaf. ijwQy abdflI df eylcI ‘akl dfs’ rihMdf sI. ies Gyry df aihmd sLfh nUM pqf lwgx qy Aus ny qurMq ihMdosqfn AuWqy afpxf CyvF hmlf bol idwqf aqy Auh mMijLlF mfrdf lfhOr af phuMicaf.

jdoN iswKF kolL sUhIaF ny ieh Kbr idwqI qF AunHF ny jMizfafly df Gyrf Cwzky mflvy vwl nUM cfly pf idwqy. qF ik Auh afpxy pirvfrF nUM iksy surwiKaq jgHf AuWqy Cwz ky abdflI nflL Cfpfmfr XuwD kr skx. Auh sqluj diraf pfr krky iklf rfeypur aqy guwjrvflL vwl dI huMdy hoey, ijwQy hux aihmdgVH sLihr visaf hoieaf hY, ies nUM pfr krky jMzflI, rhIVf, kuwp, akbrpur CMnF, bOVhfeI, kMgx vflL afid ipMzF dy ivckfrly mYdfnF ivwc pirvfrF smyq phuMc gey. ies jgfh Aupr Aus vkq kuwJ pfxI df somf vI mOjUd sI ijQy pRIvfrF leI Kfx pIx df pRbMD kIqf jf skdf sI.

ies vyr aihmd sLfh abdflI ny iswKF dy Cfpfmfr hmilaF dI QF afpxI iewCf anusfr do hwQ krn dI ivENq bxfeI. Aus ny mlyr kotly  dI irafsq vwloN vlI Gfn qy nvfb BIKm Kfn nUM hmlf krn leI afpxy qyj qrfr GoV svfr rfhIN hukm cfVH idwqf. iesy qrHF ies QF dy cVHdy pfsy vwloN srhMd dy nvfb jYn KF nUM vI hmly leI hukm Byj idwqy gey.

5 PrvrI 1762 dI svyr nUM aihmd sLfh abdflI afp vI iewk qkVI POj lY ky Aus mYdfn ivwc phuMc igaf. iqnF POjF ny iqMnF hI pfisaF qoN isMGF AuWqy hmlf bol idwqf. isMGF vwloN svY rwiKaf leI ies QF mjbUrn XuwD lVnf ipaf.

ies GwlUGfry ivwc iswKF dIaF bfrF imslF ny Bfg ilaf ijs dI agvfeI jwsf isMG afhlUvflLIaf, cVHq isMG sLukrcwkIaf, zwlyvflLIey, rfmgVHIey, insLfn vflLIey srdfr aqy sLfm isMG kroV isMGIaf kr rhy sn. ienHF srdfrF ny CyqI hI iewk mqf pkf ky ies GwlUGfry ivwc zt ky lVfeI krn df PYslf kr ilaf. iswK POjF ny afpxy pirvfrF dy duaflLy iewk cwkr bxf ilaf. dohF pfisaF qoN jMm ky lVfeI kIqI geI. ieh lVfeI abdflI dI iewCf anusfr kIqI geI sI jo iswKF dI XuwD nIqI dy iblkuwl hI ivruwD sI. jdoN ik abdflI lVfeI dy ZfeI Pwt krn AuWqy quilaf hoieaf sI. pr isMG qF igxqI ivwc afty ivwc lUx vFg hox kfrn iewk-PwtI XuwD hI lVdy sn. Auh rfq dy hnHyry ivwc, sLrfb afid pI ky aflsI hoey dusLmx AuWqy ibjlI dI cmk vFg tuwt ky pYNdy. ies qoN pihloN ik dusLmx afpxy morcy mwly, iCxF plF ivwc hI luwt mfr kr ky ahu gey ahu gey ho jFdy. pr ies GwlUGfry ivwc isMG iqMnF pfisaF qoN iGr cuwky sn aqy AunHF nflL AunHF dy ibrd mfqf ipqf, bwcy aqy iesqrIaF sn.

ieh lVfeI iksy luwt mfr leI nhIN sI kIqI geI sgoN ieh qF aihmd sLfh abdflI vloN iewk bdlf lAU lVfeI sI. dovyN POjF afpxI jfn hUl ky lVIaF. ijs ivwc dohF pfisaF df hI bhuq jfnI nuksLfn hoieaf. ies lVfeI ivwc bwicaF, buwiZaF aqy iesqrIaF dI iksy dI vI KYr nhIN sI. jo vI awgy af igaf Ausy AuWqy hI mfrU bfr kIqf igaf.

ies ivwc iswK afpxI rwiKaf leI lV rhy sn pr aPLgfn POjF hmlf afvr sn. aPLgfn POjF ny iswKF df byaMq kqlyafm kIqf. ijs ivwc ieiqhfs dwsdf hY ik 10 qoN 12 hjLfr(zf[ gMzf isMG aqy ipMR[ qyjf isMG anusfr) qIkr isMG, isMGxIaF aqy bwicaF df Gfx kIqf igaf, ies kqlyafm ivwc kuwJ ieqhfskfr mrn vfilaF dI igxqI 30-35 hjLfr vI dwsdy hn. ies iBafnk kqlyafm nUM isMGF df vwzf GwlUGfrf ikhf jFdf hY.

ies kqlyafm ivwcoN jo isMG bcy Auh afpxI jfn dI rfKI leI lVdy lVFAuNdy ijQy hux biTMzf bRFc nihr cwl rhI hY, dy nfl nfl huMdy hoey kuqby, bfmxIaf afid ipMzF ivwc dI huMdy hoey brnflLy vwl nUM ho qury. ikAuNik Auh jfxdy sn ik pitaflLf irafsq df bfnI aqy mflvy dy iswKF df srdfr aflf isMG afpxI POj smyq brnflLy ivwc sI. Auh AunHF dI mwdd krygf. prMqU mugLlF dI PLOj dI igxqI dyK idaF Aus ny vI iswKF dI mwdd krn qoN korI nFh kr idwqI aqy afp BvfnI gVH nUM cilaf igaf. hux bfkI bcy iswKF ivwcoN kuwJ iswK brnflLy dy aflLy duaflLy dy ielfky ivwc sLhId hoey. jo AuWQoN vI bc ky inwklx ivwc sPl ho gey AunHF ny bIkfnyr df rfh PiVaf.

ies qrHF nflL ieh spsLt ho jFdf hY ik iswKF dI ieh lVfeI ivdysIaF dy ivruwD sI. ies ivwc hflfq qoN byvs ho ky by aMq isMGF, isMGxIaF, bjLurgF aqy bwicaF nUM afpxy jIvn df blIdfn dyxf ipaf. kuwp rhIVy dI ies DrqI AuWqy hoey ies mhfn blIdfn nUM inwq nvyN sUrj prnfm krnf bxdf hY.

jfxkfrI prfpq hoeI hY ik ies blIdfn dI Xfd ivwc kfr syvf vflLy bfbf jI ikrpfl isMG AuWQy iewk gurduafrf Ausfr rhy hn. shI gwl qF ieh hY ik ies mhfn blIdfn dI Xfdgfr vI iewk mhfn Xfdgfr hoxI cfhIdI hY. ies QF AuWqy iewk AuWcy akfr df mInfr Ausfiraf jfxf cfhIdf hY. jo keI iklomItrF dI dUrI qoN isMGf dy ies blIdfn dI Xfd cyqy krvf dyvy. ies mInfr ivwc ies vwzy GwlUGfry df suwcf qy sMpUrn ieiqhfs rwKxf cfhIdf hY. ies dy nflL nflL ies ivwc igafn ivigafn dI iewk afDuink pusqkfilaf hoxf cfhIdf hY.

ies ielfky ivwc iksy qknIkI kfljL dI bhuq hI Gft hY. pMjfbI XUnIvristI pitaflLf dy vfeIs cFslr srdfr svrn isMG bopfrfie nUM iewQy vI Xqn kr ky dmdmf sfihb dIaF lIhF AuWqy iewk qknIkI kflj bnfAuxf cfhIdf hY. ies nyk kfrj ivwc kyNdr srkfr, pMjfb dI srkfr aqy sLRomxI prbMDk kmytI nUM vwD qoN vwD shfieqf qF krnI hI bxdI hY. ies dy nflL nflL iswKI nflL ipafr rwKx vfilLaF dfnIaF nUM afm kr ky aqy ielfky dy dfnIaF nUM Kfs kr ky vwD qoN vwD afrQk sihXog dyxf cfhIdf hY.

ijvyN aMgryjLF qoN Bfrq afjLfd krvfAux leI jwilHaFvflLy bfg ivwc sLhId hoey sLhIdF dI Xfdgfr bxf ky iewk AuWqm kfrj kIqf igaf hY iesy qrHF hjLfrF dI igxqI ivwc mugLlF qoN Bfrq nUM afjLfd krfAux leI sLhId hoey kuwp rhIVy dy sQfn qy isMGF dy blIdfn dI iewk lfsLfnI Xfd bnfAuxI vI iewk mhfn aqy lfsfnI joq jgfAux dy brfbr hY.

hY koeI pMjfbI mF df lfl jo ies bIVy nUM AuTfey?