iswKF ny 1947 qoN bfad aqy hux qwk Bfrq aMdr Guwtx mihsUs kIqI hY aqy iswKF nMU bRfhmxvfdI msLnrI duafrf XojnfbwD qrIky nfl ipwCy suwitaf jFdf irhf hY. pr jdoN jdoN vI Bfrq dIaF hwdF bcfAux df vylf afieaf qF iswKF nMU Brmf ky awgy kr idwqf igaf. asIN ies dysL Kfiqr lVy vI aqy mry vI, pr iPr vI ienHF bRfhmxvfdIaF ny iswKF nMU afpxIaF DoKybfj nIqIaF nfl qbfh kIqf hY.

kuwt Kfx vyly lflf lfjpq rfey afpxy bMdy mfqrm aKbfr ivwc iswKF nMU BrmfAux vfsqy ilKdf sI ik:

pr ienHF idlF dy kfly bRfhmxF ny kursI qy bYTidaF sfr hI sfnMU jrfiem pysLf kOm krfr dy ky invfijaf aqy inrMqr hr sMBv qrIky nfl sfnMU kmjLor krn dIaF koisLsLF kIqIaF. akflI lihr vyly isLwKF nMU hor mrn vfsqy qwqy krn leI ienHF cflbfj ihMdUaF dy kvI mylf rfm ilKdy hn:

nihrU, gFDI aqy ptyl vrigaF ny 1947 qoN pihlF jo vI vfady ies bhfdr iswK kOm nfl kIqy sn AunHF ivwcoN iek vI lfgU nhIN kIqf igaf, sgoN iswK kOm nfl pihly idn qoN hI ivqkry krny sLurU kr idwqy sn. mhfqmf gFDI ny sIs gMj gurUduafry ivwc bolidaF ikhf sI ik Bfrq dy AuWqrI ielfky ivwc iek aYsf iKwqf isrijaf jfvygf ijQy iswK BfeIcfrf afjLfdI dI loa mihsUs kr skygf. pr iswK ny ies iKwqy Bfv pMjfb aMdr gulfmI dI cwkI ivwc ipws ipws ky ipCly 56 sfl ibqfey hn.

sLhId srdfr Bgq isMG, rfjgurU, suKdyv, krqfr isMG srfBf, srdfr AUDm isMG aqy bwbr akflI lihr dy anykF isMG sUrmy, ijnHF ny aMgryjF nMU Bfrq Cwzx vfsqy mjbUr kIqf Auh ienHF kfly rMg dy aMgryjF dIaF cflF nf smJ sky aqy vqn nMU afjLfd krvfAux vfsqy nihrU dIaF momoTwgxIaF df isLkfr ho ky bhfdr aMgryjL qoN rfj Koh ky JUTy, mkfr, byeImfn aqy DoKybfj aMgryj (ihMdU) nMU rfj dy gey. ijQy awj ienHF sLhIdF dy vfirs gulfmI dI jMjIrF ivwc jkVy hoey hn.

ipCly zyZ-do dhfikaF dOrfn Bfrq aMdr iswKF nfl jo bIqI hY AusdI ieiqhfs ivcoN ikqy imsfl nhIN imldI ijQy iksy afpxI hkUmq ny afpxy lokF qy aYny juLlm Zfhy hox. hirmMdr sfihb qy POjI hmlf ies srkfr vloN iswK nMU sdf vfsqy gulfm bxfeI rwKx dy mnsUby nfl kIqf igaf sI.

ieh hmlf sMq jrnYl isMG iBMzrFvfilaF nMU sLhId jF drbr sfihb aMdr igxqI dy isMGF qoN pRysLfn ho ky ieMdrf ny nhIN sI kIqf sgoN lMby smyN qoN iswKF dI nslkusLI dI bxfeI Xojnf aDIn hoieaf sI. ies hmly dOrfn jo vI sfzy nfl bIqI hY ieh iswK dy gulfm hox dI hI insLfnI hY. Bfrq dI jnUnI pfrtI bI[ jy[ pI[ ny bVI vfr ieh gwl duhrfeI hY ik Bfrq ihMdU rfsLtr hY, ihMdU rfsLtr dy ienHF mflkF ny spwsLt rUp ivwc ies gwl qoN vI sfnMU jfxMU krvf idwqf hY ik ieQy ihMdU bx ky hI irhf jf skdf hY. aYsIaF nIqIaF vfly ies Bfrq nMU aMgryjF qoN CuzfAux vfly AunHF sLhIdF dIaF afqmfvF nMU iPr ikvyN sLFqI iml skdI hY.

ies do dhfikaF dOrfn ieænHF bRfhmxvfdI soc dy DfrnIaF ny iswKF dy isrF dy muwl pfeyy, iswKF nMU sryafm byiewjq kIqf, Dfrimk asQfnF dI byadbI hI nhIN sgoN byiJjk ho ky ienHF hfkmF ny qbfhI kIqI. sfzIaF DIaF BYxF dIaF iewjqF nfl glIaF bjLfrF ivwc Kyizaf igaf. sfzy nOjuafnF nMU JUTy puls mukfbly bxf ky Kqm krn dIaF koisLsLF kIqIaF geIaF. XojnfbwD qrIky nfl sfzf idwlI aqy kfnHpur dIaF glIaF ivwc keI idn isLkfr Kyizaf igaf aqy iensfP dyx vfly hfkm ny kih idwqf ik jdoN vwzf ruwK izwgdf hY qF DrqI jrUr ihwldI hY. ies mulk aMdr iswK hI nhIN sgoN hr Gwt igxqI dI ijMdgI nrk brfbr hY. muslmfn, dilq aqy eIsfeIaF nfl jo ies dysL aMdr ho irhf hY ieh iksI sUrq ivwc vI iksy jsLnF vflI gwl nhIN hY.

Bfrq dI ies nklI afjfdI dy jsLn hr sfl hI mnfey jFdy hn aqy gYrqmMd iswK ienHF ivruwD afpxIaF BfvnfvF df iejLhfr krdy hoey mujLfhry vI krdy hn.

hYrfnI vflI gwl ieh hY ik BfrqI hfkmF dy kuwJ JolI cuwk hr sfl afpxI afqmf df glHf dbf ky ienHF jsLnF ivwc sLmUlIaq krdy rhy hn. ies ivwc koeI sLwk nhIN ik sfzy smfj aMdr ienHF lokF dI hmysLF hI mOjUdgI rhI hY aqy ienHF nMU BfrqI hfkmF duafrf bVy nftkI ZMg nfl pys kIqf jFdf irhf hY.

asIN afpxy AunHF vIrF aqy bjLurgF nMU suafl krnf cfhuMdy hF ijhVy ienHF smfgmF ivwc smUlIaq krdy hn ik hr iksy KusLI dy smfgm ipCy koeI Kfs kfrx huMdf hY. iesy qrHF hI ieh bRfhmxvfd dy numfieMdy qF 1947 ivwc imlI afjfdI dy jsLn mnfAuNdy hn ikAuNik BfvyN sfrf Bfrq ajy vI gulfm hY, BfvyN sLhIdF dI rUhF awj vI kurlf rhIaF hoxgIaF, pr idlI dy hfkmF nMU qF ipCly 57 sflF qoN hkUmq imlI hoeI hY aqy Auh jsLn mnf rhy hn, pr vIro aqy bjuLrgo qusIN afpxf sB kuwJ luwtf ky iks KusLI ivwc afjfdI dy jsLnF ivwc jFdy ho. ijs kOm dIaF DIaF BYxF dI iewjqF ies hkUmq ny luwtIaF hox, ijs kOm dy nOjuafn byitaF nUM ies hkUmq ny afpxf isLkfr bxfieaf hovy, ijs kOm dI buwZVI mF dI zMgorI ies hkUmq ny cknfcUr kIqI hovy, ijs kOm dIaF spuwqrIaF dy suhfg ies hkUmq ny glHF ivwc tfier pf ky ijAuNdy awg ivwc sfVy hox, ijs kOm df iesLt, sRI gurU gRMQ sfihb dy axigxq srUp ies hkUmq ny agn ByNt kIqy hox, ijs hkUmq ny iswK kOm df sfrf ieiqhfs iek skIm aDIn sfV ky suafh kr idwqf hovy aqy ijs kOm nMU hr sMBv qrIky nfl jLlIl kIqf jFdf hovy qy iPr Auh kOm iks qrHF aYsy jsLnF nMU brdfsLq kr lvygI.

trfto ivKy 1997 ivwc sfzy kuwJ bjurgF nMU hwQ ivwc inwkI inwkI iqrMgIaF JMzIaF PVf ky bwsF rfhIN Aucycy qOr qy ienHF jsLnF ivwc iljfieaf igaf sI. iek pfsy iswK kOm mujLfhrf kr rhI sI aqy dUsry pfsy sfzy bjurgF aMdr pkOVy aqy gulfb jfmxf Ck rhy sn. gYrqmMdF aMdr gYrq iksy smyN vI jfg pYNdI hY aYsf Aus vyly sfl vI hoieaf sI jdoN iek nOjuafn ny BfrqI kFslyt dy byhUdf JUT bolx qy afpxI pYr dI juwqI (afpxf pRotYst krn vfsqy) styj vwl vgHf ky mfrI sI.

aPsos hY ik ipCly kuwJ ku sflF qoN AuntfrIE ivwc iswKF dIaF afpxy afp nMU numfieMdf smJx vflIaF jQybMdIaF, afps ivwc lVn iBVn jogIaF hI rih geIaf hn. ienHF df vjUd "afpxy ivhVy sLyr" qoN vwD kwK vI nhIN hY. 15 agsq vfly idn BfvyN ieh afjLfdI dy aKOqI jsLnF ivwc sLfml nhIN huMdy, pr ies idn iswKF nfl hoey ivsLvfsGfq bfry cuwp sfDxI vI BfrqIaF dy hwk ivwc hI jFdf hY.

hmsPr vIro, afjfdI dy jsLnF df JUTf ZONg rcfAux vfilaF nMU iek vfr iPr ieh Xfd krvfieaf jfxf cfhIdf hY ik iswK afpxy glo gulfmI df jUlHf lfhux vfsqy XqnsLIl hn aqy vKryivaF dy bfvjUd vI iekmuwT hn. afjLfdI dy pRvfinaF nMU zf: muhMmd iekbfl ieAuN sMboDn krdy hn: ijsdf ijLkr sR[ kpUr isMG ny vI kIqf hY ik: