vfiÈMgtn (zI[sI)- 12 akqUbr, 2005- vrlz bYNk dy bRfËIl ivcly kMtrI zfierYktr imstr jfhn birsko ny 5 akqUbr ƒ, idwlI ivKy, Bfrq dy dirafeI pfxI aqy Aus dI pfxI nIqI sbMDI iek 95 siÌaF dI irport jfrI kIqI hY. ies irport df nF rwiKaf igaf hY- ieMzIaf`Ë vftr iekOnomI- bryisMg Pfr trbUlYNt iPEUcr (Bfrq dI pfxI afriQkqf-gVbV vflf BivwK). koeI hYrfnI dI gwÜ nhIN hY ik BfvyN vrlz bYNk ny Bfrq ƒ pfxI-pRojYktF leI idwqy jfx vfly krËy dI rkm 200 imlIan zflr qoN vDf ky 900 imlIan zflr kr idwqI hY- pr BfrqI mIzIey ny vrlz bYNk dI irport aqy imstr jfhn dI pRYs-kfnPrMs dI Ébr ƒ lgBg ‘Kf` hI ilaf hY. ‘dI ihMd mdrfs` ny ies Kbr ƒ TIk prIpyK ivc pyÈ kIqf hY. imstr jfhn vloN kIqIaF geIaF itwpxIaF, aMqrrfÈtrI adflq ivc pMjfb dy dirafeI pfxIaF dy kys leI kfÌI mhwqvpUrn hn.‘dI ihMd mdrfs` dI irport anusfr, vrlz bYNk zfierYktr jfhn birsko jfrI kridaF ikhf- ‘jy Bfrq ny afpxI pfxIaF sbMDI nIqIaF ‘c mhwqvpUrn qbdIlIaF nf kIqIaF qF nF hI Bfrq kol nvF ienPrfstrkcr bnfAux leI pYsf hovygf aqy nf hI bxy hoey ienPrfstrkcr ƒ clfAuxf Aus dy vws df ros hovygf. nF hI Bfrq dy lokf kol afpxy lokF dI afriQkqf slfmq hovygI aqy nf hI lokF ƒ dyx leI pfxI hovygf. Bfrq dy kuJ pRFqF vloN ijhVI dirafeI pfxIaF dy rfÈtrIkrn dy pfxIaF dI mMg kIqI jf rhI hY Auh muwZoN hI glq hY. iesdy Ault, pfxIaF sbMDI hwkF aqy kfƒnF ivc spwÈtqf hoxI cfhIdI hY qF ik hr pRFq, iËlHy, blfk aqy ieQoN qwk ik hr KyqI-mflk dy ihqF dI surwiKaf ho sky. kyNdr srkfr pfxI sbMDI,stytF dy ihqF ƒ bulzoË (EvrrfeIz) nhIN kr skdy. pr ies sbMDI kfƒnF, hwkF aqy pfxI dI sucfrU vrqoN dI spwÈtqf hoxI cfhIdI hY. ijhnF stytF df pfxI ilaf jFdf hY, AuhnF ƒ muafvËf idwqf jfxf cfhIdf hY. ies sbMDI dohF iDrF (pfxI vycx vflI aqy pfxI lYx vflI) ivc bkfiedf iek kfƒnI skJOqf hoxf cfhIdf hY. ijQoN qwk Bfrq ivclI, iek diraf dy pfxI ƒ dUsry diraf dy pfxI ivc pfAux dI Xojnf df svfl hY, BfvyN bfhrmuÉI qOr qy ieh skIm ‘afkrÈq` jfpdI hovy pr ieho ijhI Xojnf lfgU krx qoN pihlF, smuwcy afriQk, smfijk aqy vfqfvrxk qwQF df zUMGf aiDaYn kIqf jfxf cfhIdf hY. Bfrq ivc pfxI sbMDI ‘tuwtI-BwjI` nIqI df hI kfrn hY ik awj Bfrq ivc stytF ivcfly, ÈihrF ivcfly, ÈihrF qy ikÈfnF ivcfly, kfrKfnydfrF aqy pyNzUaF ivcfly, ikÈfnF aqy vfqfvrx ivcfly aqy isMcfeI vfly ielfikaF ivcfly JgVy aqy mukwdmybfËI ho rhI hY.`pfTkjn! vrlz bYNk dy zfierYktr vloN kwZy gey nqIjy, iksy hor ivsQfr df muQfj nhIN hn. pMjfb aqy iswK kOm dI duÈmx kyNdrI srkfr, ihMdUqvI qwqF aqy hirafxf-rfjsQfn vrgIaF ihMdU-stytF dI imlIBugq nfl ipClI lwgBg awDI sdI qoN pMjfb dy pfxIaF dI luwt brfbr jfrI hY. ies luwt ƒ hor awgy vDfAux leI, siqluj-Xmnf ilMk nihr df Pfnf, pMjfb dI ihwk ivc gwizaf igaf hY. vrlz bYNk dI Auprokq irport qoN bfad aYs[vfeI[aYl[ kYnfl pRojYkt hirafxy dy ihMdUqvIaF ny muV ‘pihly cuwly` qy ilafAux dy Xqn afrMB idwqy hn.6 akqUbr ƒ BfrqI lok dl dy skwqr-jrnl aqy rfj sBf mYNbr ajY cOtflf ny pRDfn mMqrI mnmohx isMG aqy kFgrs pRDfn sonIaf gFDI qoN mMg kIqI ik ‘Auh hirafxf kFgrs vloN coxF mOky aYs[vfeI[aYl[ nihr pUrI krn dy kIqy vfady ƒ pUiraf krn.`7 akqUbr ƒ bI[jy[pI[ dy vfeIs pRYjIzYNt iksn isMG sMGvF ny kFgrs pfrtI dI ies leI aflocnf kIqI ik Aus ny cMzIgHV ivclI kFgrsI muwK mMqrIaF dy do-roËf sMmyln ivc siqluj-Xmnf ilMk nihr dy muwdy qy koeI inrxf ikAuN nhIN ilaf. hflFik hirafxf dy muwK mMqrI BuipMdr isMG huMzf ny sfry kfiedy-kfƒn iCwky qy tMgidaF ies sMmyln ivc aYs[vfeI[aYl[ df muwdf AuTfieaf sI.9 akqUbr ƒ BfrqI lok dl dy pRDfn qy sfbkf hirafxf muwK mMqrI Em pRkfÈ cOtflf ny coxF ivc afpxI pfrtI dI hfr qoN bfad pihlI vfrI mUMh KolidaF pRYs-kfnPrMs ivc mMg kIqI ik mnmohx isMG srkfr asqIÌf dyvy ikAuNik kFgrsI muwK-mMqrI sMmyln ivc Ausny aYs[vfeI[aYl[ nihr dy muwdy ƒ ikAuN nhIN hwl kIqf.10 akqUbr ƒ hirafxy dy muwK mMqrI BuipMdr isMG huwzf ny isrsy ivc kIqI pRYs-kfnPrMs ivc XkIn idvfieaf ik ‘siqluj Xmnf ilMk nihr bhuq jldI mukMml ho jfvygI.`pfTkjn! duÈmx sfƒ luwt irhf hY- kI asIN jfgFgy?
 

‘rUs dI KuPIaf eyjMsI ky[jI[bI[ dy ieMksLfP bnfm jUn-84 aqy iswK nslkusLI

(ikÈq cOQI)
BUqpUrv sovIaq XUnIan dy hfkmF ny, afpxI Kqrnfk KuPIaf eyjMsI-ky[ jI[ bI[ rfhIN ikvyN AudoN dI Bfrq dI pRDfn mMqrI ieMdrf gFDI, Aus dI kFgrs pfrtI, kimAUinst pfrtI afÌ ieMzIaf aqy mIzIey nUM KrIidaf aqy ikvyN sovIaq kimAUinst nIqIaF BfrqI isafsq qy asr-aMdfË hoeIaF, iehnF df vyrvf bhuq jldI pRkfÈq ho rhI pusqk-’dI imtroiKn afrkfeIvI-2: dI ky[ jI[ bI[ aqy vrwlz’ ivwc jg-Ëfhr hovygf. ajy qF iesdI kuJ ‘Jlk’ hI mIzIey nUM imlI hY ijsny Bfrq ivwc iewk snsnI pYdf kr idwqI hY. ieh psqk kyjIbI dy iewk BUqpUrv aiDkfrI imtroiKn aqy ieMtYlIjYNs skflr ikRstoPr aYNzirAUË vloN ilKI jf rhI hY. kyjIbI dIaF KuPIaF PfeIlF df bhuq sfrf ihwsf imtroiKn afpxy nfl lY ky, rUs qoN dOV afieaf sI aqy pihlI vfr 1999 ivwc lokF sfhmxy ies nUM Ëfhr kIqf sI. hux ies ‘KuPIaf afrkfeIvI’ df dUsrf ihwsf pRkfÈq kIqf jf irhf hY-ijs ivwc do cYptr kyjIbI dI Bfrq ivwc dKÜaMdfËI nfl sbMDq hn.
kyjIbI irport qoN ieMkÈP huMdf hY ik ieMdrf gFDI aqy Aus dI kFgrs pfrtI, BfrqI kimAUinst pfrtI aqy pRmuwK BfrqI mIzIaf, kyjIbI kol ivikaf hoieaf sI aqy BfrqI nIqIaF aqy PYsly idwlI ivwc nhIN blik mfsko ivwc ley jFdy sn. sovIaq XUnIan dI kfAUNtr ieMtYlIjYNs eyjMsI dy muKI ElYg kYlUign df kihxf hY-’smucI BfrqI srkfr ivwc sfzy bhuq sfry ‘sroq’ (eyjYNt) sn. BfrqI KuPIaf eyjYNsIaF (ieMtYlIjYNs) ivwc, kfAUNtr-ieMtYlIjYNs eyjMsIaF ivwc rwiKaf aqy ivdyÈ mMqrfly ivwc, ieQoN qwk ik puils ivwc vI.‘[[[[[
hux svfl ieh pYdf hMdf hY ik rUs dI KuPIaf eyjMsI-kyjIbI jF rUsI nIqI-GfiVaF dI iswKF ivwc ikEN idlcspI sI? 1917 ivwc lYinn vlo ilaFdy rUsI-ienklfb qoN bfad, Bfrq ivcly (iswK) kRFqIkfrIaF (jo ik rUs nUM aMgryËI bsqIvfd dy ivruwD afpxf sihXogI smJx lwg pey sn) leI-mfsko dI Xfqrf hwj krx vFg bx geI sI. ies ivwc koeI aiqkQnI nhIN hY ik 1920ivaF dI Bfrq ivclI kimAUinst pfrtI df muwZ, pMjfb dy iswKF ny hI bMinHaf sI. iehnF ‘moZIaF’ ivwc kuJ ‘gdr lihr’ dy bcy swjx vI sn aqy apRYl 1919 dy jwilHaFvfly bfg kFz qoN bfd, pMjfb ivwc pYdf hoeI nvIN cyqnf ny vI ies ‘soc’ nUM nvy rMgrUt idwqy. Aus dOr dy bhuigxqI kimAUinst lIzr, iswKI Bfvnf nfl pUrI qrHF Eqpoq sn aqy AuhnF nUM kimAUinst lihr, iswK Drm anfsfr smfjk brfbrI, byiensfPI dy iKlfP lVfeI, iksfnF, mIdUrF, ikrqIaF dI sFJ dy afdrÈ nfl BrpUr lgdI sI. AuhnF ny Èfied kfrl mfrks dy Drm sbMDI vIcfrF nUM iDafn nfl piVHaf nhI jF gMBIrqf nfl nhIN smiJaf jF aMgryËF nUM Bfrq coN kwZx dy ‘jnUMn’ ivwc iesnUM jfxbuwJ ky axgOilaF kIqf. doafby dI DrqI kimAUinst iswKF dIaF gqIivDIaF df kyNdr bxI. Aus dOr dy iswK kimAUinst lIzr inwqnymI vI sn aqy afpxIaF sflfnf knvYnÈnF qoN pihlF sRI gurU gRMQ sfihb jI dy aKMzpfT df Bog vI pfieaf krdy sn. dfVHI kys vI AuhnF ny slfmq rwKy hoey sn aqy kurbfnI dy mfdy nfl pUrI qrHF BrpUr sn. iswK kOm dI bdiksmqI ieh rhI ik 1920ivaF, 30ivaF, 40ivaF dI BONdU akflI lIzriÈp kFgrs dy rfÈtrvfd df ‘kwcf eINDn (rfa mYtIrIal) bxI rhI aqy iehnF dhfikaF dI pVHI-ilKI, socvfn, iswK pIVI dy smrQn vflI kimAUinst lihr ‘smfjvfdI rfÈtrvfd’ dy BMblBUsy ivwc kdI rUsIaF nfl, kdI jrmnI nfl aqy kdI ibRitÈ bsqIvfdIaF (dUsry sMsfr-XuwD dOrfn) dy Kfqy ivwc BugqdI rhI.
Bfrq ivclI kimAUinst lihr nUM pihlf vwzf Jtkf dUsry sMsfr XuwD (1939-45) dy dOrfn AudoN lwgf jdoN ik kimAUinst rUs qy bsqIvfdI sfmrfj nfËI jrmnI dy iKlfÌ iekwTy ho ky lVn lwgy. 1930ivaF ivwc nfËI ihtlr qy rUsI stfiln iewk dUjy dy kfÌI nyVy sn. AudoN BfrqI kimAUinst, jrmnI dy gux gfieaf krdy sn pr 1940ivaF ivwc BfrqI kimAUinst, aMgryËF dI mwdq qy AuWqr afey ikAuNik mfsko vfly ‘bfeIaF’ ny afpxI puËIÈn bdl leI sI. BfrqI kimAUinst pfrtI dI ies cfl-bdlI ny AuhnF dI isDFqk-PUk kfÌI hwd qwk kwZ idwqI. 1940ivaF dy iesy dOr ivwc BfrqI kimAUinst pfrtI ny, iswK styt (Kfilsqfn) bnfAux dy hwk ivwc vI mwqf pfs kIqf -ijhVI ik AuhnF dI iewk ieiqhfsk-mIbUrI sI pr ijs sbMDI ajoky kimAUinst nyqf, kfmryz sqpfl zFg df kihxf hY ik Auh sfzI ‘ieiqhfsk Buwl’ sI. pr kimAUinst pfrtI vloN iswK styt dy hwk ivwc pfs kIqy gey mqy qoN iewk gwl sfbq huMdI hY ik ies dOr dy kimAUinstF ivwc ‘iswK’ vjoN socx df mfdf ikqy nf ikqy mOjUd sI. 1930ivaF, 40ivaF dy dOr dy pRmuwK kimAUinst lIzrF ivwc bfbf sohx isMG Bknf, s[ gurmuK iswG llqo, igafnI hIrf isMG drd, kfmryz qyjf isMG suqMqr afid dy nF vrnxXog hn –ijhnF nUM lokF ivwc ipafiraf-siqkfiraf jFdf sI.
15 agsq, 1947 qoN bfad dy dOr ivwc Bfrq dI kyNdr srkfr, kimAUinst pfrtIaF aqy ihMdU- mUlvfdIaF dIaF BfrqIa jnsMG vrgIaF pfrtIaF afpo ivwc vKryvF rwKdIaF hoeIaF vI iswK-ivroDI nIqIaF sbMDI iewkjuwt sn. isrÌ iewk apvfd hY ik kimAUinst, pMjfbI BfÈf dy aDfr qy sUbf bxfey jfx dy hwk ivwc sn BfvyN ik ies leI AuhnF ny kdy koeI zwkf BMnH ky dUhrf nhIN kIqf. pMjfbI sUby dI sQfpnf dI smuwcI lVfeI, akflIaF vloN hI lVI geI pr sovIaq XUnIan dy nIqI-GfiVaF dI, iswK kOm nUM afpxy ‘cuMgl ivwc’ PsfAux ivwc hmyÈf idlcspI rhI.
dUsry sMsfr XuwD dy Kfqmy qoN bfad, aMgryËI sfmrfj df sUrj asq hoieaf aqy sovIaq XUnIan aqy amrIkf dI srdfrI vflf do-DruwvI sMsfr sfhmxy afieaf. dunIaf dy awz-awz dyÈF nUM afpo afpxy Kymy ivwc ilafAux leI sovIaq XUnIan aqy amrIkf ivckfr ÈIq-XuwD (kolz vfr) afrMB hoieaf. ies dOr ivwc Bfrq (pRDfn mMqrI nihrU dI agvfeI hyT) ny ieijpt (pRDfn nfsr) aqy XUgoslfvIaf (pRDfn mfrÈl tIto) dI mwdd nfl guwt-inrlyp lihr KVHI kIqI ijs df ‘imÈn’ sovIaq XUnIan aqy amrIkf dohF qoN hI ivwQ rwKidaF ‘inrlyp’ rihx df sI. ies ‘lihr’ ivwc drjnF dyÈ Èfml hoey pr hkIkq ieh hY ik pMzq nihrU df muwZoN hI Jfkf, sovIaq XUnIan dI kimAUinst (ijs nUM nihrU ny mfjvfd df nF idwqf) lihr vwl sI. nqIjy dy qOr qy nihrU dy Xuwg ivwc afrMB ho ky ieMdrf gFDI dy jmfny qwk phuMcidaF smuwcf Bfrq, sovIaq XUnIan dI iewk ‘bsqI’ dy rUp ivwc sQfpq ho igaf. jy ies dOr ivwc aMqrrfÈtrI sMsQfvF (XUnfeIitz nyÈnI afid) ivwc Bfrq df voitMg irkfrz dyiKaf jfvy qF ieh gwl AuBrky sfhmxy afvygI ik Bfrq ny amrIkf dy iKlfP, sovIaq XUnIan dy mukfbly vI, iËafdf vfr vot pfeI hY. ieh ikho ijhI guwt-inrlypqf sI?
ies dOr ivc, iswKF ivc GuspYT krx leI ‘mfsko vfilaF’ vloN vwzy pwDr qy Xqn kIqy gey. pMjfbI BfÈf ivwc ‘sovIaq dyÈ’ aqy ‘sovIaq nfrI’ vrgy vDIaf glfsI pypr qy Cpy rMgdfr rsfly hËfrF GrF ivwc muPq Byjy jFdy sn. hyTly pwDr dy ‘kfmryzF’ dy muMizaF-kuVIaF nUM ‘ividaf’ lYx leI sovIaq XUnIan ivwc, ivÈys shUlqF aqy vËIiPaF nfl Byijaf jFdf sI jdoN ik ‘vwzy kfmryzF’ dy muMzy kuVIaF pVHn leI ‘amrIkf’ afAuNdy sn. sovIaq XUnIan dI KuPIaf eyjMsI kyjybI, sovIaq izktotrF stfiln, KruÈcyv afid dy dOr ivwc bVI Kqrnfk hwd qwk qfkqvr ho cuwkI sI aqy dunIaF Br ivwc sovIaq XUnIan dy ihwqF sbMDI nIqIaF bxfAux aqy iehnF nIqIaF nUM lfgU krx ivwc iesdI pRmuwK BUimkf sI. sovIaq XUnIan df pRBfv dunIaF ivwc qyËI nfl vDdf jf irhf sI aqy sovIaq XUnIan dI ‘srpRsqI’ vflIaF srkfrF sQfpq krx leI, dunIaF Br dy dyÈF ivcly ‘ivdrohIaF’ nUM ‘kRFqI’ dy nF Qwly Zyr sfrf DMn aqy hiQafr idwqy jFdy sn. ies DMn df phuMc leI kimAUinst pfrtIaF nUM iewk PrMt vjoN vriqaf jFdf sI.
ieh idlcsp gwl hY ik ‘dI imtroiKn afrkfeIvI [[[[‘ pusqk ivwc kIqy gey ieMkÈfPF qy itwpxI kridaF, sovIaq XUnIan dy 1977 qoN 1983 qwk Bfrq ivwc aMbYszr rhy imstr XUrI voronqsv df kihxf hY ik ‘hF, mYN jfxdf hF ik Bfrq dI kimAUinst pfrtI sovIaq kimAUinst pfrtI koloN PMz lYNdI sI-ijvyN ik dunIaF Br dIaF kimAUinst pfrtIaF lYNdIaF sn. ieh kdy vI koeI Byq vflI gwl nhIN sI. ikAuNik ieh pYsf gYr-kUtnIqk sroqF rfhIN idwqf jFdf sI so ies leI mYnUM ies pYsf qbfdly bfry koeI jfxkfrI nhIN hY[[[[[(19 akqUbr dI ieMzIan aYkspRYs aKbfr)’
sovIaq XUnIan dy nIqI GfiVaF dy qOr-qrIky (kbËf krx dy) dunIaF ivwc lgBg ieko ijhy sn. iewk pfsy Auh ‘dyÈ’ dI srkfr nfl ‘imqrqf sMDI krdy sn-ijs ivwc iewk ‘mwd’ huMdI sI ik musIbq vyly sovIaq XUnIan qy sbMDq dyÈ iewk dUjy dI mdq qy apVngy. Pyr Auh Aus dyÈ ivwc kimAUinstF aqy aKOqI kRFqIkfrIaF rfhIN gVbV vflI siQqI pYdf krvf dyNdy sn aqy aKIr ivwc Auh ‘smJOqf’ sMDI ivwc dosq dI mdq qy apVn dI afV Qwly, sbMDq dyÈ ivwc afpxI POj Byj dyNdy sn. polYNz, cYkoslvfkIaf ivwc nMgy icwty kbIy ‘kIqy gey smJOiqaF’ dI afV Qwly kIqy gey. XUrp ivclIaF ienHF
‘ijwqF’ qoN bfd, sovIaq XUnIan dy kdm, sfAUQ eyÈIaf vl vDx lwgy.
1971 dI bMglf dyÈ lVfeI dOrfn, sovIaq XUnIan ny Bfrq nfl vI Auprokq qrI dI sMDI krky, BivwK ivcly Bfrq kbIy, dI nINh rwK idwqI sI. ies ivwc vI koeI Èwk dI guMjfieÈ nhIN hY ik 1975 ivwc, ieMdrf gFDI vloN Bfrq ivwc lfeI geI aYmrjYNsI, ky[ jI[ bI[ nIqI df ihwsf hI sI. ieMdrf gFDI pUrI qrHF ‘sovIaq god’ ivwc bYT cuwkI sI. aYmrjYNsI df ivroD krn vflIaF ÈkqIaF ivwc, iswK kOm iewk ‘ÈkqIÈflI iDr’ sI ijhVI Bfrq qy pfiksqfn dI 3200 iklomItr bfrzr lfeIn-qy bYTI BivwK ivwc mfsko vloN afAux vflI iksy vI POjI-DfV df zwt ky mukfblf krn dI ihMmq rwKdI sI. 1920ivaF qoN hI mfsko kimAUinstF dI iswKF nUM BrmfAux, psmfAux, vrHfAux, kurfhy-pfAux aqy dbfAux aYmrjYNsI) afid dIaF sfrIaF nIqIaF asÌl ho cuwkIaF sn - so hux AuhnF ny iewko iewk nIqI qy aml dI Xojnf bxfeI aqy Auh sI -’sbk isKfAux’ dI.
iesy dOrfn, 1979 ivwc, sovIaq XUnIan ny ‘smJOqf sMDI’ df shfrf lY ky, aÌgfinsqfn qy Dfvf bol idwqf aqy ies qrHF, rUsIaF dy vDdy pYr, pfiksqfn dI srhwd qwk phuMc gey.
(cwldf)