pRYWs df ieqhfs aqy iesdI BUimkf

pRYWs lPjL dunIaF qy solvIN sdI ivwc pRcwlq hoieaf sI. iesdf ipCokV bVf idlcsp hY. awj qoN qkrIbn sfZy bfrF sO sfl pihlF sMn 748 ivwc bIijMg cIn dI srkfr vloN dunIaF df sB qoN pihlf aKbfr sLurU kIqf igaf sI ijs df nfm ieqhfs ivwc "icn pfE" Bfv "rfjDfnI dIaF KbrF" dwisaf jFdf hY. ieqhfs muqfbk dUsrf aKbfr ijsdf nfm "aYktf pUrnf" Bfv "rojLfnf GtnfvF" inklxf sLurU hoieaf sI. pihlf rojLfnf aKbfr lMzn qoN 1772 ivwc "mOrinMg post" dy nfm hyT sLurU hoieaf sI aqy dUsrf rojLfnf zylI "df lMzr tfeImjL" vI lMzn qoN hI sLurU hoieaf sI. ieh aKbfr awj vI lMzn qoN Cpdf hY.

sB qoN pihlF sMn 1886 ivwc pYirs dy "ils ipwt jrnl" aKbfr dI srkUlysLn iewk imlIan qoN twpI sI aqy 1870 ivwc jfpfn dy aKbfr " asLfsLI sImbn" dI srkUlysLn 16 imlIan qoN twp geI sI. iewk aYzIsLn ivwc sB qoN vwD siPaf vflf aKbfr 10 akqUbr 1917 nMU "inAUXfrk tfeImjL" sI. iesdy totl 975 sPy sn, 15 sYksLn sn. ies vyly ies aKbfr dI kImq 50 sYNt sI.

amrIkf ivwc aKbfr dI GuMz cukfeI sMn 1690 ivwc bOstn sLihr ivwc hoeI sI ijQy iesdf nfm sI "pbilk akrMs". kuwJ ieqhfskfr ilKdy hn ik ies aKbfr nMU Aus vyly dI klonIal srkfr ny Ausy vkq jbq kr ilaf sI aqy sMpfdk nMU igRPqfr kr ilaf sI. dubfrf "pbilk akrMs" 14 sfl bfad sMn 1704 nMU jOhn kYNibl nfmI ivakqI ny klonIal srkfr dI mdd nfl sLurU kIqf.

1783 ivwc jdoN amrIkI jMg smfpq hoeI aqy ibRitsL PorsjL ny amrIkf dI DrqI CwzI Aus vyly 43 aKbfrF amrIkf ivwc CpdIaF sn aqy ienHF aKbfrF df amrIkf nMU afjLfd krvfAux ivwc muwK rol dwisaf jFdf hY. aKbfr iksy smfj leI ikMnHF aihm jLrIaf hY iesdf aMdfjLf lfAux leI sfnMU amrIkf dy cOQy pRDfn Qoms jYPrsn df sMn 1787 ivwc ikhf kQn ik "agr mYN PYslf krnf hovy ik, kI mYN aKbfr qoN ibnHF srkfr jF srkfr qoN ibnHF aKbfr nMU qrjIh dyvFgf qF mYN mgrlI gwl dy hwk ivwc jfx leI iewk pl vI nhIN socFgf" kdy vI Buwlxf nhIN cfhIdf.

ies qoN ielfvf dunIaF df sB qoN vwD ivksq mulk amrIkf pRYWs bfry ikMnHF moklHI soc df mfilk hY ieh amrIkf dy sMivDfn qoN pqf lwgdf hY. sMn 1791 ivwc "ibwl afP rfeIts" aDIn amrIkI sMivDfn ivwc ieh gwl drj kIqI geI sI ik " kFgrs koeI aijhf kfnMUn nhIN bxf skdI ijs nfl bolx dI afjLfdI jF pRYWs dI afjLfdI Aupr koeI asr pvy". amrIkf ivwc pRYWs nMU bVf AuqsLfhq kIqf igaf PlsrUp 1814 ivwc amrIkf ivwc hI 346 aKbfr inklxy sLurU ho gey sn.

aKbfr iewk aijhf pivwqr jLrIaf hY ijs jLrIey iekwly nfl iekwly dI vrqflfp huMdI hY. ilKfrI aqy pfTk dy ies irsLqy ivcoN hI kOm, dysL jF smfj dy ivkfs dI gwl qurdI hY.

Bfrq ivwc 1780 eIsvI ivwc Bfrq df pihlf aKbfr "dI bMgfl gjLt" nfm hyT Cipaf sI ijsdf nF bdl ky bfad ivwc "dI ieMgilsL mYn" kr idwqf igaf sI. awj aKbfr Kyqr ivwc 1[5 iblIan rupY df vpfr hY. 49 hjLfr 145 aKbfrF aqy 129 imlIan kfpIaF CpdIaF hn. smfj dy ies pwK nMU njLraMdfjL krnf hrigjL isafxp nhIN khI jf skdI.

vnIqf kohlI dI ikqfb "ieMzIan mIzIaf ibjLns" anusfr sMn 2001 ivwc ipMt mIzIey nMU tYlIvIjLn dI hoNd ny kfPI swt mfrI hY. ijs sdkf srkfr nMU sMn 2002 ivwc bfhrly snqkfrF nMU ipMt mIzIey ivwc pUMjI invysL krn dI iejfjLq dyx df kfnMUn pfs krnf ipaf, ieh ipRMt mIzIey dI hoNd nMU Kqrf pYx sdkf hoieaf hY.

ipMRt mIzIey dI hoNd nMU brkrfr rwKxf hr ivkfsmeI smfj leI jrUrI hY. ijQy gurU sfihbfnF ny lokqMqrqf nMU sQfpq krn leI pihlF vwK vwK Drm dy nfl sbMDq BgqF dI bfxI nMU sRI gurU gRMQ sfihb ivwc drj kIqI aqy iPr pMjF df isDFq lfgU krky lokqMqrqf nMU sfzf sdIvI aMg bxf idwqf sI. pRYWs jF jfxkfrI sFJI krn df mfiDam lokqMqrqf df mUl afDfr jF Qmlf mMinaf Jfdf hY.

aKbfrF df ieqhfs jfnx qoN bfad iswK smfj dI ho rhI durdsLf jF iswK smfj ivwc af rhI igrfvt dy kfrx lwBx leI musLkl afsfn ho skdI hY. iswK smfj ivwc, BfvyN Auh pMjfb ivwc vwsdf iswK hovy qy BfvyN ivdysLF ivwc, ies ivwc iewk gwloN smfnqf hY ik ies smfj ivwc amrIkf dy klonIal sfmrfj vFgMU pwqrkfrI nMU dbf ky rwKx df rUJfn brkrfr hY. dunIaF df ieqhfs dwsdf hY ik iksy ivkfsmeI smfj dI sPlqf ipwCy pwqrkfrI df ikMnHf hwQ ikhf jf skdf hY. iswK smfj df ivkfsmeI hoxf hI iswK smfj ivwc Dfrimk, afriQk aqy smfijk pwKoN af rhI igrfvt nMU Twl pf skdf hY. iesdy ivkfsmeI hox df ivsLf iswK kOm dI pRYWs dI axhoNd kfrx asMBv rUp Dfrn krI bYTf hY. sfzI lIzrisLp nMU ieh soc jo pwqrkfrI dy ivkfs dI bjfey pwqrkfrI df glf Guwt ky afpxI hAUmY nMU pwTy leI BfrU rihMdI hY, iqafg ky smfj pwKI soc apxfAux dI loV hY. iswK kOm nfl afey idn vfpr rhIaF GtnfvF ivwc iswK mfry vI gey aqy awqvfdI kih ky bdnfm vI kIqy gey. ilKfrI dy ivcfr ikMny swcy hn ik hm aFh vI Brqy hYN qoN ho jfqy hYN, vo kql vI kr jfqy hYN qo crcf nhIN hoqf" .

ipCly idnIN pMjfbI pRYWs klwb dI hoeI knvYnsLn ivwc pRYWs dI afjLfdI aqy ies Kyqr dy ivkfs pRqI bVIaF Kuwl ky ivcfrF hoeIaF. pRYWs klwb ny kuWJ Auh mqy vI pfs kIqy ijMnHF df sfzI iswK lIzrisLp dy ijLMmyvfrI Kyqr nfl sbMD hY, ijvyN Twg bfibaF ivruwD miuhMm, pMjfbI bolI dy ivkfs aqy pMjfbI ivwc strIt sfeIn lgvfAux leI Xqn krny afid. ieh sFJf pRfjYkt hY ies ‘c lIzrisLp, pfTk aqy pwqrkfr rlH ky hI kfmXfb ho skdy hn. ivkfsmeI mulkF dI lIzrisLp pRYWs dyy Kyqr nMU mhF AuWqm smJdI hY. agr asIN smJxf cfhIey qF AuntfrIE dy pRImIar dI pRYWs klwb nMU kIqI tYlIPon kfl sfnMU bVf kuwJ smJfAuNdI hY.