suKimMdr isMG hMsrf

13 aprYl 1919 nMU jdoN jilaF vfly bfg ivwc ibRitsL POjL dy 90 POjLIaF ny do msLIn gMnF vflIaF hiQafrbMd gwzIaF glIaF ivwc KVIaF krky inhwQy BfrqIaF Aupr golIaF clf ky aiq df aiqafcfr kIqf sI qF sLfied AunF nMU 15 agsq 1947 df icwq cyqf vI nhIN sI ik AuhnF dy rfj ivwc ikqy ieh idn vI afAuxgy. ibRgyzIar jnrl irgnflz zfier dI agvfhI hyT ienF POjIaF ny bfad dupihr 2:15 imMt qy Pfier Kol ky isrP 15 imMtF ivwc hI AuQy iewk igxqI anusfr 1800 dy krIb lokF nMU sLhId kr idwqf sI. 15 imMtF dI kfrvfeI sdkf smuwcI dunIaF ivwc ibRitsL lokF df isr nIvF hoieaf aqy aKIr ies kFz coN pYdf hoeI ienklfbI (KfVkU) lihr ny Bfrq coN goiraF df ibsqrf gol kr idwqf. ies ieqihfsk kFz nfl iewk hor qwQ vI juiVaf hoieaf hY ik sMn 1920 ivwc ieMzIan nYsLnl kFgrs ny iewk mqf pfs krky trwst sQfpq kIqf ijs ny sMn 1923 nMU jilaFvfly bfg vflI jLmIn KrIdI geI aqy afjLfdI qoN bfad 13 aprYl 1961 ivwc ieQy jilaFvfly bfg dy sLhIdF dI Xfdgfr AusfrI, ijsdf AudGftn Aus vyly dy rfsLtrpqI rijMdr pRsLfd ny kIqf sI. iesy rOsLnI ivwc iek kihxf vfijLb hY ik Bfrq srkfr vloN jUn 1984 iswK sMgq df sLryafm kIqf igaf kqlyafm, jilaFvfly bfg ivwc hoey kqlyafm qoN keI guxf ijafdf hY aqy iGnfAuxf sI. Bfrq dI afjLfdI leI iswKF vloN clfeI geI KfVkU lihr sdkf goiraF nMU 28 sflF bfad dysL Cwzx leI mjbUr hoxf ipaf sI. jdoN ik sRI drbfr sfihb Aupr hoey hmly nMU 22 sfl bIqy cuwky hn aqy dysL ivdysL ivwc Kfilsqfn df pRsqfv ny afpxf pRBfv Cwzxf sLurU kr idwqf hY .

          ijhVIaF kOmF afjLfdI dI qFG rwKdIaF hn AuhI iewk idn afjLfd huMdIaF hn. zrpok kOmF gulfmI dI rsfql ivwc hI Dws ky rih jFdIaF hn aqy sdIaF qwk jLulm aqy DwkysLfhI df isLkfr huMdIaF rihMdIaF hn. iswK kOm dI iPqrq iesdy Ault hY. Kflsy nMU afjLfdI ivrfsq ivwc imlI hY. gulfm rihxf iesdy vws df rog nhIN.

          dunIaf dIaF kuwJ hor afjLfdI dIaF lihrF coN afE korIan afjLfdI nMU awj dy ivsLy df afDfr bxf ky GoK leIey. korIaf nMU jpfn ny 1910 qoN 1945 qwk afpxy kbjLy hyT rwiKaf. korIan jMgy afjLfdI ivwc vI bVIaF drdmeI aqy idl kMbfAU GVIaF afeIaF jdoN korIan lokF nMU jpfnI klonIal rfj hyT jLulmF df sfhmxf krnf ipaf. korIan lokF nMU afjLfdI hfisl krn leI lMmI aqy jbrdsq jMg lVnI peI.

          korIan dI jMgy afjLfdI nMU iqMn vwK vwK pihlUaF qoN liVaf jf irhf sI. ieh vwK vwK grwupF ivwc Dfrimk gruwp, sfbkf POjIaF df gruwp aqy vpfrI aqy buDIjIvIaF df gruwp sLfml sI. ienF gruwpF ny bVy jfbqy ivwc rih ky jpfnIaF ivruwD jMg lVI qy sPlqf hfisl kIqI.  korIaf dI afjLfdI lihr ivwc 1 mfrc 1919 df idn iewk mIl pwQr sfbq hoieaf sI. ies idn korIan lokF dI vqnpRsqI AuBr ky sfhmxy afeI.  jnvrI 1918 ivwc “pYirs pIs kfnPrMs” dOrfn PrFs dy pRDfn vuwzroa ivlsn ny “14 poaYNts”  aqy kmjLor kOmF nMU “sYlP zItrmInysLn afP vIk nysLnjL” df aYlfn kIqf. ieh KbrF aKbfrF ivwcoN pV ky korIaf dy tokIE ivwc pVdy nojuafnF ny korIan afjLfdI dI mMg krn df ibafn jfrI kr idwqf. ies ibafn bfry jdoN aMzrgrfAuNz lihr clf rhy KfVkU grwupF nMU pqf lwgf qF aMdro aMdrI josL af igaf qy AunF nMU korIan afjLfdI df BivwK njLdIk idwsx lwgf. gupq skImF GVIaF jfx lwgIaF aqy mUMhoN mUMhIN jfxkfrI korIan lokF nMU ipMzF ivwc puwjx lwgI. 

          korIan ieiqhfskfr “ko nfmsn” vloN iqafr kIqf igaf afjLfdI df aYlfnnfmf jdoN smIl mUvmYNt dy afgUaF ny piVaf qF AunHF ny jpfnI pulIs kol cuglI kr idwqI. AuDr pgOdf pfrk ivwc ies aYlfnnfmy nMU sunx leI bhuq vwzI BIV jmF ho geI. ividafrQI “cMg jyeI-XONg” ny ijAuN hI korIan afjLfdI df aYlfnnfmf piVaf qF ies rYlI ny iewk jlUs df rUp Dfrn kr ilaf. jpfnI pulIs ny ies BIV Aupr golI clf idwqI PlsrUp XOn-hyp Kbr eyjMsI anusfr 7500 lok mfry gey aqy 16000 jLKmI hoey. smuwcy dysL ivwc jpfnI hkUmq iKlfP guwsy dI lihr dOV geI. jpfnIaF ny POjL aqy nyvI vI glIaF ivwc ilaFdI pr Auh vI lokF dy roh awgy asPl rhy. iewk Gtnf anusfr ipMz jIm-rI dy iewk crc ivwc jpfnI pulIs ny 30 korIanF nMU bMd krky crc nMU awg lf idwqI aqy sxy crc 30 korIanF nMU sfV ky qbfh kr idwqf. iesy krky korIan jMgy afjLfdI lV rhy lokF ivwc “Pst mfrc mUvmYNt” dy nfm qy 1 mfrc 1919 df idn bVf hI aihm sI. korIan lokF dI afjLfdI dI jMg dUsrI “sMsfr-jMg” qwk inrMqr cwldI rhI. dUsrI “sMsfr-jMg” dOrfn jfpfn ny korIan nMU kOmI qOr qy nsLt krn dy mnsUby GVy sn. korIan BfsLf Aupr mukMml pfbMdI lgf idwqI geI. skUlF ivwc korIan pVfAuxI bMd kr idwqI geI aqy korIan BfsLf ivwc aKbfr Cpxy bMd kr idwqy gey. ies vyly iPr korIan afjLfd afrmI hoNd ivwc afeI.

          dsMbr 9 1941 nMU pRoivjLnl gOrimMt ny jfpfn aqy jrmnI Aupr hmlf kr idwqf. korIan ilbrysLn afrmI “pRoivjLnl gOrimMt” nfl; moZy nfl moZf lf ky jpfn ivruwD lVI. korIan nYsLnl afrmI amrIknF dy nfl lwg ky jfpfn nMU hrfAuxf cfhuMdI sI. jfpfn aYlfeIz POjF sfhmxy 15 agsq 1945 nMU hwQ KVy kr igaf ijs nfl jfpfn df 35 sfl purfxf rfj Kuws igaf.

          ieh kihxf ik BfvyN aYlfeIz POjLF ny hI afiKr jfpfn dy hwQ KVy krvfey sn pr korIan ilbrysLn afrmI df ies ivwc vwzf hwQ mMinaf jFdf hY ijs ny jfpfn dy 35 sflF dy mjbUq rfj nMU KoKlf krky hwQ KVy krvf ley. iehI korIan afrmI agr jfpfn dy pwK ivwc huMdI qf amrIkn jF aYlfeIz POjF kdy vI ieh ijwq pRfpq nf kr skdIaF. agr korIan lokF Aupr jfpfn dy kolonIal rfj aDIn jLulm kIqy qF hI lokF ivwc jfpfn iKlfP jMg lVn dI soc pYdf hoeI.

          Auprqok dovyN Audfhrxf sfnMU ieh socx qoN mjbUr krdIaF hn ik idwlI srkfr ny pMjfb dy lokF nfl afm krky aqy iswKF nfl Kfs krky bIqy 59 sflF ivwc anykF vDIkIaF kIqIaF hn. jfpfnI srkfr vFg, idwlI qKq dy mflkF ny vI pMjfbI BfsLf nfl ivqkrf kIqf, pMjfb nfl pfxIaF dy msly qy ivqkrf kIqf aqy jdoN iswKF ny hwk mMgx dI koisLsL kIqI qF jfnI mflI qOr qy vI iswKF nMU mfiraf kuwitaf hY. idwlI dI hkUmq ny iswKF nMU qbfhkuMn moV qy KVf kr idwqf hY. Bfrq nfloN vwK ho ky vwKry mulk vjoN ivcrnf hI iswK kOm dy BivwK nMU AuWjlf kr skdf hY. ies bfry hux koeI rsqf bfkI nhIN bwcdf.

          kudrq df asUl, dunIaF df ieiqhfs jF smyHN dI mMg iehI sMkyq idMdI hY ik iswK afpxf vwKrf dys “Kfilsqfn” bxfey ibnF gurU afsLy anusfr axK dI ijLMdgI bsr nhIN kr skxgy. aqy iswK Kud vI gurU nfnk dy isDFq qoN munwkr huMdy hn agr Auh gulfmI ivwc ijLMdgI ijAUxI sivkfr krdy hn.

          mYnMU ieQy isMG sfihb pRo[ drsLn isMG dy khy Auh bcn vI Xfd afAuNdy hn ik sMq jrnYl isMG iBMzrFvfly aqy Bfrq dI pRDfn mMqrI ieMdrf gFDI coN asl ivwc dysL DRohI kOx sI. AunHF ikhf ik asl mfainaF ivwc ieMdrf gFDI dysL DRohI sI ikAuNik sMq jrnYl isMG iBMzrFvfilaF ny Drm XuwD morcy dOrfn iehI ikhf sI ik agr idwlI dI POjL jF pulIs ny afpxy nfpfk pYr drbfr sfihb dy hdUd aMdr pfey qF Kfilsqfn dI nINh rwKI jfvygI. Auh ieh vI ikhf krdy sI ik asIN Kfilsqfn dI mMg nhIN krdy pr agr idwlI drbfr ies vfr sfnMU Kfilsqfn dyxf cfhuMdf hY qF asIN ienkfr nhIN krFgy.

          dunIaF dy ieiqhfs qy njLr mfiraF ieh qwQ vI sfhmxy afAuxgy ik lokF Aupr jLulm krn vfly rfjy df rfj ijafdf dyr kfiem nhIN rih skdf.

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